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Fog–Haze Transition and Drivers in the Coastal Region of the Yangtze River Delta

Author

Listed:
  • Rui Lyu

    (Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China)

  • Wei Gao

    (Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 200030, China)

  • Yarong Peng

    (Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China)

  • Yijie Qian

    (Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China)

  • Qianshan He

    (Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 200030, China)

  • Tiantao Cheng

    (Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
    Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), Shanghai 200062, China
    Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200232, China
    Innovation Center of Ocean and Atmosphere System, Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Zhuhai 518057, China)

  • Xingna Yu

    (Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipition of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

  • Gang Zhao

    (Yunnan Meteorological Service Center, Kunming 650034, China)

Abstract

Low-visibility events (LVEs) are severe weather phenomena that are closely linked with anthropogenic pollution, which negatively affects traffic, air quality, human health, and the environment. This study conducted a two-month (from October to December 2019) continuous measurement campaign on Chongming Island in Shanghai to characterize the LVEs transition and its drivers. The LVEs accounted for 38% of the time during the campaign, of which mist accounted for 14%, fog–haze for 13%, haze for 6%, and fog for 5%. The fog and mist mainly occurred from midnight to early morning, while haze mostly occurred during the daytime. Different LVEs were interdependent and transitioned from one to another. Fog generally turned into haze after sunrise, while haze turned into fog after sunset. Their formation and evolution were caused by the combined impacts of meteorological conditions and aerosol particles. It was found that temperature difference was the dominant meteorological factor driving the evolution of LVEs. Within the short term, cooling led to a greater increase in relative humidity than humidification. Radiative cooling during the night promoted the formation of fog and mist. During fog and mist events, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) were mainly internally mixed due to the impact of fog droplet removal and aqueous/heterogeneous aerosol reactions occurring under high humidity. Increased CCN concentration appeared to increase the fog droplet number and liquid water content in fog events. Overall, conditions of high humidity and high particle loading were conducive to LVEs, whereas conditions of sufficient water vapor at a low particle level and sufficient particles at a low humidity level also caused LVEs. This study provided insights into LVEs classification, evolution scheme, and aerosol roles from a micro point of view. The findings could be useful for improving forecasts of local radiative fog and other LVEs.

Suggested Citation

  • Rui Lyu & Wei Gao & Yarong Peng & Yijie Qian & Qianshan He & Tiantao Cheng & Xingna Yu & Gang Zhao, 2022. "Fog–Haze Transition and Drivers in the Coastal Region of the Yangtze River Delta," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:15:p:9608-:d:880318
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wenju Cai & Ke Li & Hong Liao & Huijun Wang & Lixin Wu, 2017. "Weather conditions conducive to Beijing severe haze more frequent under climate change," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 7(4), pages 257-262, April.
    2. Yao, Wanxiang & Zheng, Zhimiao & Zhao, Jun & Wang, Xiao & Wang, Yan & Li, Xianli & Fu, Jidong, 2020. "The factor analysis of fog and haze under the coupling of multiple factors -- taking four Chinese cities as an example," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    3. Jurgita Ovadnevaite & Andreas Zuend & Ari Laaksonen & Kevin J. Sanchez & Greg Roberts & Darius Ceburnis & Stefano Decesari & Matteo Rinaldi & Natasha Hodas & Maria Cristina Facchini & John H. Seinfeld, 2017. "Surface tension prevails over solute effect in organic-influenced cloud droplet activation," Nature, Nature, vol. 546(7660), pages 637-641, June.
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    1. Wen-Lu Wu & Chun-Yan Shan & Jing Liu & Jing-Lin Zhao & Jin-Yun Long, 2023. "Analysis of Factors Influencing Air Quality in Different Periods during COVID-19: A Case Study of Tangshan, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-19, February.

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