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Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in Military and Veteran Populations: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Surveys and Population Screening Studies

Author

Listed:
  • Sean Cowlishaw

    (Phoenix Australia—Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia)

  • Isabella Freijah

    (Phoenix Australia—Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia)

  • Dzenana Kartal

    (Phoenix Australia—Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia)

  • Alyssa Sbisa

    (Phoenix Australia—Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia)

  • Ashlee Mulligan

    (Atlas Institute for Veterans and Families, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada)

  • MaryAnn Notarianni

    (Atlas Institute for Veterans and Families, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada)

  • Anne-Laure Couineau

    (Phoenix Australia—Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia)

  • David Forbes

    (Phoenix Australia—Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia)

  • Meaghan O’Donnell

    (Phoenix Australia—Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia)

  • Andrea Phelps

    (Phoenix Australia—Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia)

  • Katherine M. Iverson

    (Women’s Health Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Street, Boston, MA 02130, USA
    Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA)

  • Alexandra Heber

    (Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada
    Veterans Affairs Canada, Charlottetown, PE C1A 8M9, Canada)

  • Carol O’Dwyer

    (Phoenix Australia—Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia)

  • Patrick Smith

    (Atlas Institute for Veterans and Families, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada)

  • Fardous Hosseiny

    (Atlas Institute for Veterans and Families, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada)

Abstract

Intimate partner violence (IPV) may be a major concern in military and veteran populations, and the aims of this systematic review were to (1) provide best available estimates of overall prevalence based on studies that are most representative of relevant populations, and (2) contextualise these via examination of IPV types, impacts, and context. An electronic search of PsycINFO, CINHAL, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library databases identified studies utilising population-based designs or population screening strategies to estimate prevalence of IPV perpetration or victimisation reported by active duty (AD) military personnel or veterans. Random effects meta-analyses were used for quantitative analyses and were supplemented by narrative syntheses of heterogeneous data. Thirty-one studies involving 172,790 participants were included in meta-analyses. These indicated around 13% of all AD personnel and veterans reported any recent IPV perpetration, and around 21% reported any recent victimisation. There were higher rates of IPV perpetration in studies of veterans and health service settings, but no discernible differences were found according to gender, era of service, or country of origin. Psychological IPV was the most common form identified, while there were few studies of IPV impacts, or coercive and controlling behaviours. The findings demonstrate that IPV perpetration and victimisation occur commonly among AD personnel and veterans and highlight a strong need for responses across military and veteran-specific settings. However, there are gaps in understanding of impacts and context for IPV, including coercive and controlling behaviours, which are priority considerations for future research and policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Sean Cowlishaw & Isabella Freijah & Dzenana Kartal & Alyssa Sbisa & Ashlee Mulligan & MaryAnn Notarianni & Anne-Laure Couineau & David Forbes & Meaghan O’Donnell & Andrea Phelps & Katherine M. Iverson, 2022. "Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in Military and Veteran Populations: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Surveys and Population Screening Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-23, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8853-:d:868025
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Seal, K.H. & Metzler, T.J. & Gima, K.S. & Bertenthal, D. & Maguen, S. & Marmar, C.R., 2009. "Trends and risk factors for mental health diagnoses among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans using department of Veterans Affairs Health Care, 2002-2008," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 99(9), pages 1651-1658.
    2. Howard, II., James P., 2016. "Meta-Analysis with R," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 70(b01).
    3. Sean Cowlishaw & Alyssa Sbisa & Isabella Freijah & Dzenana Kartal & Ashlee Mulligan & MaryAnn Notarianni & Katherine Iverson & Anne-Laure Couineau & David Forbes & Meaghan O’Donnell & Andrea Phelps & , 2022. "Health Service Interventions for Intimate Partner Violence among Military Personnel and Veterans: A Framework and Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-12, March.
    4. Lifeng Lin, 2018. "Bias caused by sampling error in meta-analysis with small sample sizes," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(9), pages 1-19, September.
    5. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Katherine M. Iverson & Sara B. Danitz & Stephanie K. Low & Jennifer A. Knetig & Kathryn W. Doyle & LeAnn E. Bruce, 2022. "Recovering from Intimate Partner Violence through Strengths and Empowerment (RISE): Initial Evaluation of the Clinical Effects of RISE Administered in Routine Care in the US Veterans Health Administra," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-15, July.
    2. Katherine M. Iverson & Fernanda S. Rossi & Yael I. Nillni & Annie B. Fox & Tara E. Galovski, 2022. "PTSD and Depression Symptoms Increase Women’s Risk for Experiencing Future Intimate Partner Violence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-16, September.

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