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Impacts of Atmospheric and Anthropogenic Factors on Microbiological Pollution of the Recreational Coastal Beaches Neighboring Shipping Ports

Author

Listed:
  • Romina Kraus

    (Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Giordano Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Vanja Baljak

    (Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Darija Vukić Lušić

    (Department of Environmental Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Krešimirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
    Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
    Center for Advanced Computing and Modelling, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia)

  • Lado Kranjčević

    (Center for Advanced Computing and Modelling, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
    Department of Fluid Mechanics and Computational Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia)

  • Arijana Cenov

    (Department of Environmental Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Krešimirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
    Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia)

  • Marin Glad

    (Department of Environmental Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Krešimirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
    Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia)

  • Vesna Kauzlarić

    (Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health of Istrian County, 52100 Pula, Croatia)

  • Dražen Lušić

    (Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
    Center for Advanced Computing and Modelling, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
    Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia)

  • Luka Grbčić

    (Center for Advanced Computing and Modelling, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
    Department of Fluid Mechanics and Computational Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia)

  • Marta Alvir

    (Department of Fluid Mechanics and Computational Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia)

  • Marijana Pećarević

    (Department of Applied Ecology, University of Dubrovnik, Ćira Carića 4, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia)

  • Slaven Jozić

    (Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia)

Abstract

A comparative study of the two northeastern ports of the Adriatic Sea indicated that the port of Rijeka is microbiologically more loaded than the port of Pula and posing a greater threat to other ports through a potential transfer of pathogens by ballast water. Fecal indicator bacteria, Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci, were investigated seasonally in 2014–2015 in the ports and during the bathing season monitoring in the two bays where ports are located in 2009–2020. In addition, the indicators and pathogens related to human health were determined in the ports’ seawater and sediment. The determined factors contributing to microbiological pollution were higher number of tourists and locals, potential wastewater and ballast water discharge and enclosed port configuration, with high solar radiation and low precipitation reducing the negative effects. Our research points to the necessity of including Clostridium perfringens in monitoring beach sand during the bathing seasons and a wider list of pathogens in port monitoring due to a potential transfer by shipping ballast water.

Suggested Citation

  • Romina Kraus & Vanja Baljak & Darija Vukić Lušić & Lado Kranjčević & Arijana Cenov & Marin Glad & Vesna Kauzlarić & Dražen Lušić & Luka Grbčić & Marta Alvir & Marijana Pećarević & Slaven Jozić, 2022. "Impacts of Atmospheric and Anthropogenic Factors on Microbiological Pollution of the Recreational Coastal Beaches Neighboring Shipping Ports," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-25, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8552-:d:861777
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Roger S. Fujioka & Helena M. Solo-Gabriele & Muruleedhara N. Byappanahalli & Marek Kirs, 2015. "U.S. Recreational Water Quality Criteria: A Vision for the Future," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-25, July.
    2. Nancy Topić & Arijana Cenov & Slaven Jozić & Marin Glad & Diana Mance & Dražen Lušić & Damir Kapetanović & Davor Mance & Darija Vukić Lušić, 2021. "Staphylococcus aureus —An Additional Parameter of Bathing Water Quality for Crowded Urban Beaches," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-13, May.
    3. Martinez, M.L. & Intralawan, A. & Vazquez, G. & Perez-Maqueo, O. & Sutton, P. & Landgrave, R., 2007. "The coasts of our world: Ecological, economic and social importance," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(2-3), pages 254-272, August.
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