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Comparing the Psychometric Properties among Three Versions of the UCLA Loneliness Scale in Individuals with Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder

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  • Chung-Ying Lin

    (Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
    Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
    Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
    Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan)

  • Ching-Shu Tsai

    (Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
    School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
    Chung-Ying Lin and Ching-Shu Tsai contributed equally to this work.)

  • Cian-Ruei Jian

    (Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
    Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

  • Shu-Ru Chao

    (Department of Social Work, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan)

  • Peng-Wei Wang

    (Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
    Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

  • Huang-Chi Lin

    (Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
    Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

  • Mei-Feng Huang

    (Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
    Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

  • Yi-Chun Yeh

    (Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
    Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

  • Tai-Ling Liu

    (Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
    Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

  • Cheng-Sheng Chen

    (Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
    Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

  • Ya-Ping Lin

    (Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
    Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

  • Shu-Ying Lee

    (Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
    Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

  • Ching-Hua Chen

    (Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan)

  • Yun-Chi Wang

    (Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan)

  • Yu-Ping Chang

    (School of Nursing, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA)

  • Yu-Min Chen

    (Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan)

  • Cheng-Fang Yen

    (Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
    Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
    College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan)

Abstract

The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3; UCLA-LSV3) is widely used for assessing loneliness. Nevertheless, the validity of this scale for assessing loneliness in individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder has not been determined. Additionally, studies validating the eight-item and three-item versions of UCLA-LSV3 have not included individuals with severe mental illness; therefore, whether the short versions are comparable to the full 20-item version of UCLA-LSV3 for this population is unclear. The present study examined the unidimensional structure, internal consistency, concurrent validity, and test–retest reliability of the Chinese versions of UCLA-LSV3 (i.e., 20-item, 8-item, and 3-item versions) to determine which version is most appropriate for assessing loneliness in individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in Taiwan. A total of 300 participants (267 with schizophrenia and 33 with schizoaffective disorder) completed the scales, comprising UCLA-LSV3, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the suicidality module of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia–Epidemiological Version (K-SADS-E), and the family and peer Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve (APGAR) index. Construct validity was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis. The three versions of UCLA-LSV3 were compared with the CES-D, the suicidality module of the K-SADS-E, and the family and peer APGAR index to establish concurrent validity. The results indicated that all three versions of UCLA-LSV3 exhibited acceptable to satisfactory psychometric properties in terms of unidimensional constructs, concurrent validity, and test–retest reliability. The full version of UCLA-LSV3 had the best performance, followed by the eight-item version and the three-item version. Moreover, the three versions had relatively strong associations with each other. Therefore, when deliberating which version of UCLA-LSV3 is the best choice for assessing loneliness in individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, healthcare providers and therapists should consider time availability and practicality.

Suggested Citation

  • Chung-Ying Lin & Ching-Shu Tsai & Cian-Ruei Jian & Shu-Ru Chao & Peng-Wei Wang & Huang-Chi Lin & Mei-Feng Huang & Yi-Chun Yeh & Tai-Ling Liu & Cheng-Sheng Chen & Ya-Ping Lin & Shu-Ying Lee & Ching-Hua, 2022. "Comparing the Psychometric Properties among Three Versions of the UCLA Loneliness Scale in Individuals with Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-12, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8443-:d:860073
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rosseel, Yves, 2012. "lavaan: An R Package for Structural Equation Modeling," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 48(i02).
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    1. Mei-Feng Huang & Yu-Ping Chang & Chung-Ying Lin & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2022. "A Newly Developed Scale for Assessing Experienced and Anticipated Sexual Stigma in Health-Care Services for Gay and Bisexual Men," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-10, October.
    2. Chung-Ying Lin & Yu-Ping Chang & Wen-Jiun Chou & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2023. "Assessing Enacted Sexual Stigma toward Gay and Bisexual Men in the Military: The Enacted Sexual Stigma Experiences Scale in Military Service," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-10, January.

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