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Predicting Exposure to Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) among US Infants

Author

Listed:
  • Andrea B. Kirk

    (Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA)

  • Kelsey Marie Plasse

    (Department of Chemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA)

  • Karli C. Kirk

    (Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA)

  • Clyde F. Martin

    (Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA)

  • Gamze Ozsoy

    (Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA)

Abstract

PFASs have been detected in nearly every serum sample collected over the last two decades from US adults as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and are commonly found in other data sets from around the world. However, less is known about infant PFAS exposures, primarily because the collection of infant serum samples is less common and frequently avoided. Cord blood samples are often preferred for chemical exposure assessments because this is thought to provide a good representation of infant serum concentrations, at least at the time of birth. In this paper, we will provide a statistical and probabilistic analysis of what can be expected for infants living in the US using NHANES from 2007 to 2008, which contains a rare subset of infant data. Regulatory efforts that require estimation of exposures among the very youth can be challenging, both because of a lack of data in general and because variability among this most vulnerable population can be uncertain. We report that US infant exposures are extremely common and that serum concentrations remain fairly constant, despite infant growth rates and relatively high caloric and fluid intake, with the possible exception of PFOS. Infant serum PFOS concentrations between months 1 and 3 are consistently higher than at less than one month, even though healthy infants at 1 and 2 months weigh more than they did at birth. This suggests that the babies are exposed to greater concentrations of PFOS after birth or that excretion kinetics differ for this PFAS.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrea B. Kirk & Kelsey Marie Plasse & Karli C. Kirk & Clyde F. Martin & Gamze Ozsoy, 2022. "Predicting Exposure to Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) among US Infants," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-16, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8402-:d:859206
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ryan C. Lewis & Lauren E. Johns & John D. Meeker, 2015. "Serum Biomarkers of Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Relation to Serum Testosterone and Measures of Thyroid Function among Adults and Adolescents from NHANES 2011–2012," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-17, May.
    2. David Trudel & Lea Horowitz & Matthias Wormuth & Martin Scheringer & Ian T. Cousins & Konrad Hungerbühler, 2008. "Estimating Consumer Exposure to PFOS and PFOA," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(2), pages 251-269, April.
    3. Ilona Quaak & Marijke De Cock & Michiel De Boer & Marja Lamoree & Pim Leonards & Margot Van de Bor, 2016. "Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Behavioral Development in Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-20, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yuxuan Tan & Zurui Zeng & Huanzhu Liang & Xueqiong Weng & Huojie Yao & Yingyin Fu & Yexin Li & Jingmin Chen & Xiangcai Wei & Chunxia Jing, 2022. "Association between Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Women’s Infertility, NHANES 2013–2016," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-15, November.
    2. Andrea B. Kirk & Alisa DeStefano & Alexander Martin & Karli C. Kirk & Clyde F. Martin, 2023. "A New Interpretation of Relative Importance on an Analysis of Per and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) Exposures on Bone Mineral Density," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-19, March.

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