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Economic Freedom, Education and CO 2 Emissions: A Causality Analysis for EU Member States

Author

Listed:
  • Gamze Sart

    (Department of Educational Sciences, Hasan Ali Yucel Faculty of Education, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul 34500, Türkiye)

  • Yilmaz Bayar

    (Department of Public Finance, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Bandirma-Balikesir 10200, Türkiye)

  • Marina Danilina

    (Department of Economics, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (PRUE), 117997 Moscow, Russia
    Department of Economics, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, 125167 Moscow, Russia)

  • Funda Hatice Sezgin

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, İstanbul 34500, Türkiye)

Abstract

Environmental sustainability is one of three pillars of sustainability. However, a significant worldwide deterioration in the environment has been experienced since the Industrial Revolution, but the efforts to protect the environment date back to the 1970s. In this context, many economic and non-economic factors underlying environmental degradation have been investigated until today, but the influence of economic freedom indicators and education on the environment have been relatively less analyzed and the researchers have mainly focused on the influence of economic and institutional variables on the environment. Therefore, this paper investigates the reciprocal interplay among economic freedom indicators, education, and environment in EU member states over the 2000–2018 term by using a causality test with cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity and taking the research gap into consideration. The causality analysis indicates that market-oriented economic structure and education can be beneficial in combatting environmental degradation.

Suggested Citation

  • Gamze Sart & Yilmaz Bayar & Marina Danilina & Funda Hatice Sezgin, 2022. "Economic Freedom, Education and CO 2 Emissions: A Causality Analysis for EU Member States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-14, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:13:p:8061-:d:853184
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    Cited by:

    1. Lina Karabetyan & Gamze Sart, 2023. "The Impact of Entrepreneurship and Education on the Ecological Footprint: Insights from the G-20 States," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Gökçe Tekin Turhan & Pınar Tokal & Gamze Sart, 2023. "The Role of Financial Sector Development and Educational Attainment in the Achievement of Economic Sustainability: Evidence from BRICS Economies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-18, March.
    3. Wencong, Lu & Kasimov, Ikboljon & Saydaliev, Hayot Berk, 2023. "Foreign direct investment and renewable energy: Examining the environmental Kuznets curve in resource-rich transition economies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 301-310.
    4. Marc Audi & Marc Poulin & Amjad Ali, 2024. "Environmental Impact of Business Freedom and Renewable Energy: A Global Perspective," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 14(3), pages 672-683, May.
    5. Xinxing Liu & Xinheng Liu & Lei Li & Rong Xu & Qi Ban & Rui Xu, 2024. "Has Trade Liberalization Promoted Energy Efficiency in Enterprises?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-21, November.

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