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Tracing of Heavy Metals Embedded in Indoor Dust Particles from the Industrial City of Asaluyeh, South of Iran

Author

Listed:
  • Mahsa Tashakor

    (School of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran)

  • Reza Dahmardeh Behrooz

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol 98615-538, Iran)

  • Seyed Reza Asvad

    (Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran)

  • Dimitris G. Kaskaoutis

    (Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Palaia Penteli, 15236 Athens, Greece
    Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece)

Abstract

Assessment of indoor air quality is especially important, since people spend substantial amounts of time indoors, either at home or at work. This study analyzes concentrations of selected heavy metals in 40 indoor dust samples obtained from houses in the highly-industrialized Asaluyeh city, south Iran in spring and summer seasons (20 samples each). Furthermore, the health risk due to exposure to indoor air pollution is investigated for both children and adults, in a city with several oil refineries and petrochemical industries. The chemical analysis revealed that in both seasons the concentrations of heavy metals followed the order of Cr > Ni > Pb > As > Co > Cd. A significant difference was observed in the concentrations of potential toxic elements (PTEs) such as Cr, As and Ni, since the mean (±stdev) summer levels were at 60.2 ± 9.1 mg kg −1 , 5.6 ± 2.7 mg kg −1 and 16.4 ± 1.9 mg kg −1 , respectively, while the concentrations were significantly lower in spring (17.6 ± 9.7 mg kg −1 , 3.0 ± 1.7 mg kg −1 and 13.5 ± 2.4 mg kg −1 for Cr, As and Ni, respectively). Although the hazard index (HI) values, which denote the possibility of non-carcinogenic risk due to exposure to household heavy metals, were generally low for both children and adults (HI < 1), the carcinogenic risks of arsenic and chromium were found to be above the safe limit of 1 × 10 −4 for children through the ingestion pathway, indicating a high cancer risk due to household dust in Asaluyeh, especially in summer.

Suggested Citation

  • Mahsa Tashakor & Reza Dahmardeh Behrooz & Seyed Reza Asvad & Dimitris G. Kaskaoutis, 2022. "Tracing of Heavy Metals Embedded in Indoor Dust Particles from the Industrial City of Asaluyeh, South of Iran," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-19, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:13:p:7905-:d:849493
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Qingzhen Yao & Xiaojing Wang & Huimin Jian & Hongtao Chen & Zhigang Yu, 2015. "Characterization of the Particle Size Fraction associated with Heavy Metals in Suspended Sediments of the Yellow River," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-20, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xiuyun Yang & Mamattursun Eziz & Adila Hayrat & Xiaofei Ma & Wei Yan & Kaixuan Qian & Jiaxin Li & Yuan Liu & Yifan Wang, 2022. "Heavy Metal Pollution and Risk Assessment of Surface Dust in the Arid NW China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-21, October.
    2. Agnese Araja & Maris Bertins & Gunita Celma & Lauma Busa & Arturs Viksna, 2023. "Distribution of Minor and Major Metallic Elements in Residential Indoor Dust: A Case Study in Latvia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(13), pages 1-17, June.

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