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Problematic Smartphone Use Leads to Behavioral and Cognitive Self-Control Deficits

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  • Rosa Angela Fabio

    (Department of Economy, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy)

  • Alessia Stracuzzi

    (Department of Economy, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy)

  • Riccardo Lo Faro

    (Department of Economy, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy)

Abstract

Excessive use of smartphones has been associated with a number of negative consequences for individuals. Some of these consequences relate to many symptoms of behavioral addiction. The present study aims to investigate whether participants with high levels of smartphone usage may have difficulty with their ability to wield the self-control that is needed to restrict smartphone usage compared to participants with lower levels of smartphone addiction. Specifically, we expect that people with high levels of smartphone usage may have problems in refraining from using a smartphone. In addition, we expect people with a high level of smartphone use may show deficiencies in cognitive tasks such as memory, executive control, and visual and auditory attention. An ABA design was applied to analyze the effects of smartphone withdrawal. The first A refers to baseline measurements: Visual RT, Auditory RT, Go/No-Go RT and N-Back RT and Eriksen flanker RT. The B refers to 3 days of smartphone withdrawal, whereas the second A refers to the same measurements used in the baseline. In addition, several standardized scales were administered, among them: Smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV), Fear of missing out scale (FoMOs), Procrastination scale, and Psychological General Well-Being Index. One hundred and eleven participants took part in the study. Based on median split they were divided into two groups: high level and low level smartphone users. Moreover, thanks to an app installed on the participants’ smartphones, it was possible to measure levels of compliance with the task. Results indicate that participants with low levels of smartphone usage show less difficulty in their ability to wield the self-control needed to withdraw smartphone use and faster reaction times on cognitive tests than participants with high levels of smartphone usage. Moreover, the profile of participants with high levels of smartphone usage shows higher scores on the FoMOs and Procrastination scale, and lower scores in the Psychological General Well-Being Index. The results are discussed in light of self-regulation theory.

Suggested Citation

  • Rosa Angela Fabio & Alessia Stracuzzi & Riccardo Lo Faro, 2022. "Problematic Smartphone Use Leads to Behavioral and Cognitive Self-Control Deficits," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-13, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:12:p:7445-:d:841396
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mohammad Saud Alotaibi & Mim Fox & Robyn Coman & Zubair Ahmed Ratan & Hassan Hosseinzadeh, 2022. "Perspectives and Experiences of Smartphone Overuse among University Students in Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-21, April.
    2. Hongyu Zou & Yuting Deng & Huahua Wang & Chengfu Yu & Wei Zhang, 2022. "Perceptions of School Climate and Internet Gaming Addiction among Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Effect of Deviant Peer Affiliation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-8, March.
    3. Rosa Angela Fabio & Rossella Suriano, 2021. "The Influence of Media Exposure on Anxiety and Working Memory during Lockdown Period in Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-11, September.
    4. Denis Demin & Liliya Poskotinova, 2022. "Neurophysiologic Reactions during Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Session in Adolescents with Different Risk of Internet Addiction," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-9, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rosa Angela Fabio & Stella Maria Iaconis, 2024. "The Role of Critical Thinking in Mitigating Social Network Addiction: A Study of TikTok and Instagram Users," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(10), pages 1-12, September.
    2. Elnur Rustamov & Tunzala Musayeva & Xalida Xalilova & Gultekin Ismayilova & Ulviyya Nahmatova, 2023. "Association between Self-Esteem and Smartphone Addiction: The Mediating Role of Self-Control," Technium Social Sciences Journal, Technium Science, vol. 46(1), pages 256-267, August.
    3. Heekyun Oh, 2024. "The Moderating Role of ESG Administration on the Relationship between Tourism Activities and Carbon Emissions: A Case Study of Basic Local Governments in South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-26, June.

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