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Inappropriate Prescriptions in Older People—Translation and Adaptation to Portuguese of the STOPP/START Screening Tool

Author

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  • Luís Monteiro

    (CINTESIS—Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
    USF Esgueira +, 3800-322 Aveiro, Portugal)

  • Matilde Monteiro-Soares

    (CINTESIS—Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
    MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Decision in Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
    Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa, 1300-125 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Cristiano Matos

    (Department of Mathematics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
    Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Coimbra, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Inês Ribeiro-Vaz

    (CINTESIS—Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
    MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Decision in Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
    Porto Pharmacovigilance Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal)

  • Andreia Teixeira

    (CINTESIS—Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
    MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Decision in Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
    IPVC—Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal)

  • Carlos Martins

    (CINTESIS—Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
    MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Decision in Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal)

Abstract

Inappropriate prescribing, which encompasses the prescription of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and potential prescribing omissions (PPOs), is a common problem for older people. The STOPP/START tool enables general practitioners, who are the main prescribers, to identify and reduce the incidence of PIMs and PPOs and appraise an older patient’s prescribed drugs during the diagnosis process to improve the clinical care quality. This study aimed to translate and validate the STOPP/START screening tool to enable its use by Portuguese physicians. A translation-back translation method including the validation of the obtained Portuguese version was used. Intra- and inter-rater reliability and agreement analyses were used in the validation process. A dataset containing the information of 334 patients was analyzed by one GP twice within a 2-week interval, while a dataset containing the information of 205 patients was independently analyzed by three GPs. Intra-rater reliability assessment led to a Kappa coefficient ( κ ) of 0.70 (0.65–0.74) for the STOPP criteria and 0.60 (0.52–0.68) for the START criteria, considered to be substantial and moderate values, respectively. The results of the inter-rater reliability rating were almost perfect for all combinations of raters ( κ > 0.93). The version of the STOPP/START criteria translated into Portuguese represents an improvement in managing the medications prescribed to the elderly. It provides clinicians with a screening tool for detecting potentially inappropriate prescribing in patients older than 65 years old that is reliable and easy to use.

Suggested Citation

  • Luís Monteiro & Matilde Monteiro-Soares & Cristiano Matos & Inês Ribeiro-Vaz & Andreia Teixeira & Carlos Martins, 2022. "Inappropriate Prescriptions in Older People—Translation and Adaptation to Portuguese of the STOPP/START Screening Tool," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-10, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:11:p:6896-:d:831779
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cristiano Matos & Gerda Weits & Florence Hunsel, 2019. "The Role of European Patient Organizations in Pharmacovigilance," Drug Safety, Springer, vol. 42(4), pages 547-557, April.
    2. MOHAJAN, Haradhan Kumar, 2017. "Two Criteria For Good Measurements In Research: Validity And Reliability," Annals of Spiru Haret University, Economic Series, Universitatea Spiru Haret, vol. 17(4), pages 59-82.
    3. Katherine Chinchilla & Cristiano Matos & Victoria Hall & Florence Hunsel, 2021. "Patient Organizations’ Barriers in Pharmacovigilance and Strategies to Stimulate Their Participation," Drug Safety, Springer, vol. 44(2), pages 181-191, February.
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