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Mental Health Challenges and the Associated Factors in Women Living with HIV Who Have Children Living with HIV in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study

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  • Nelsensius Klau Fauk

    (Research Centre for Public Health Policy, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
    Institute of Resource Governance and Social Change, Kupang 85227, Indonesia)

  • Maria Silvia Merry

    (Medicine Faculty, Duta Wacana Christian University, Yogyakarta 55224, Indonesia)

  • Lillian Mwanri

    (Research Centre for Public Health Policy, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia)

  • Karen Hawke

    (Infectious Disease—Aboriginal Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia)

  • Paul Russell Ward

    (Research Centre for Public Health Policy, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia)

Abstract

Women living with HIV (WLHIV) are vulnerable to various mental health challenges. However, there is a paucity of studies globally and in the Indonesian context that have specifically explored mental health challenges among mothers living with HIV who also have children living with HIV (CLHIV). This qualitative study explored mental health challenges and the associated factors in mothers living with HIV who have CLHIV in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In-depth interviews were employed to collect data from the participants (N = 23) who were recruited using the snowball sampling technique. A qualitative data analysis framework was used to guide the analysis of the findings. The findings showed that the mothers experienced a range of mental health issues due to their own, and their child’s diagnoses of stress, depression, anxiety, fear, sadness, and guilt. Lack of knowledge about HIV, fear of death, shame, not knowing whom to talk with and what to do after their own HIV diagnosis, and the HIV diagnosis of their children were factors that challenged their mental health. Difficulties in dealing with daily life or social activities of their CLHIV, dilemmas in addressing questions and complaints of their CLHIV about HIV treatment, and concerns about the health condition of their CLHIV and how their children cope with any potential negative social impacts also impacted the mothers’ mental health. Social factors such as unsympathetic expressions from friends towards them and their CLHIV and negatively worded religious-related advice from parents and relatives also contributed to their poor mental health. Our findings indicate the need for intervention programs that support mothers living with HIV and their CLHIV. Future large-scale studies involving mothers living with HIV who have CLHIV in Indonesia and other settings globally are needed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of mental health challenges and the associated factors they face.

Suggested Citation

  • Nelsensius Klau Fauk & Maria Silvia Merry & Lillian Mwanri & Karen Hawke & Paul Russell Ward, 2022. "Mental Health Challenges and the Associated Factors in Women Living with HIV Who Have Children Living with HIV in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-12, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:11:p:6879-:d:831604
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nelsensius Klau Fauk & Karen Hawke & Lillian Mwanri & Paul Russell Ward, 2021. "Stigma and Discrimination towards People Living with HIV in the Context of Families, Communities, and Healthcare Settings: A Qualitative Study in Indonesia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-17, May.
    2. Ingrid Eshun-Wilson & Anke Rohwer & Lynn Hendricks & Sandy Oliver & Paul Garner, 2019. "Being HIV positive and staying on antiretroviral therapy in Africa: A qualitative systematic review and theoretical model," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(1), pages 1-30, January.
    3. Dionius B. Mahamboro & Nelsensius K. Fauk & Paul R. Ward & Maria S. Merry & Theodorus A. Siri & Lillian Mwanri, 2020. "HIV Stigma and Moral Judgement: Qualitative Exploration of the Experiences of HIV Stigma and Discrimination among Married Men Living with HIV in Yogyakarta," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-15, January.
    4. Nelsensius Klau Fauk & Lillian Mwanri & Karen Hawke & Leila Mohammadi & Paul Russell Ward, 2022. "Psychological and Social Impact of HIV on Women Living with HIV and Their Families in Low- and Middle-Income Asian Countries: A Systematic Search and Critical Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-25, May.
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