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Mortality for Lung Cancer among PVC Baggers Employed in the Vinyl Chloride Industry

Author

Listed:
  • Paolo Girardi

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy)

  • Fabiano Barbiero

    (Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy)

  • Michela Baccini

    (Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy)

  • Pietro Comba

    (Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
    Retired.)

  • Roberta Pirastu

    (Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza Rome University, 00185 Roma, Italy
    Retired.)

  • Giuseppe Mastrangelo

    (Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences & Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
    Retired.)

  • Maria Nicoletta Ballarin

    (Occupational Health Service, Local Health Authority 3, Veneto Region, 30174 Venice, Italy)

  • Annibale Biggeri

    (Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy)

  • Ugo Fedeli

    (Epidemiological Department, Azienda Zero, Veneto Region, 35132 Padova, Italy)

Abstract

Vinyl-chloride monomer (VCM) is classified as a known carcinogen of the liver; for lung cancer, some results suggest a potential association with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dust. We evaluated the relationship between lung cancer mortality and exposure as PVC baggers in a cohort of workers involved in VCM production and polymerization in Porto Marghera (Venice, Italy) considering both employment status and smoking habits. The workers were studied between 1973 and 2017. A subset of them (848 over 1658) was interviewed in the 2000s to collect information about smoking habits and alcohol consumption. Missing values were imputed by the Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE) algorithm. We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) using regional reference rates by task (never, ever, and exclusively baggers) and by smoking habits. Mortality rate ratios (MRR), adjusted for age, calendar time, time since first exposure, and smoking habits, were obtained via Poisson regression using Rubin’s rule to combine results from imputed datasets calculating the fraction of information due to non-response. Lung cancer mortality was lower than the regional reference in the whole cohort (lung cancer SMR = 0.92; 95% CI 0.75–1.11). PVC baggers showed a 50% increase in lung cancer mortality compared to regional rates (SMR = 1.48; 95% CI 0.82–2.68). In the cohort analyses, a doubled risk of lung cancer mortality among PVC baggers was confirmed after adjustment for smoking and time-dependent covariates (MRR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.04–3.81). Exposure to PVC dust resulting from activity as bagger in a polymerization PVC plant was associated with an increase in lung cancer mortality risk after adjustment for smoking habits.

Suggested Citation

  • Paolo Girardi & Fabiano Barbiero & Michela Baccini & Pietro Comba & Roberta Pirastu & Giuseppe Mastrangelo & Maria Nicoletta Ballarin & Annibale Biggeri & Ugo Fedeli, 2022. "Mortality for Lung Cancer among PVC Baggers Employed in the Vinyl Chloride Industry," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-10, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:10:p:6246-:d:820371
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. van Buuren, Stef & Groothuis-Oudshoorn, Karin, 2011. "mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 45(i03).
    2. Alessio Facciolà & Giuseppa Visalli & Marianna Pruiti Ciarello & Angela Di Pietro, 2021. "Newly Emerging Airborne Pollutants: Current Knowledge of Health Impact of Micro and Nanoplastics," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-17, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wenjie Sun, 2023. "The Devastating Health Consequences of the Ohio Derailment: A Closer Look at the Effects of Vinyl Chloride Spill," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-2, March.

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