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The Association between Greenness and Urbanization Level with Weight Status among Adolescents: New Evidence from the HBSC 2018 Italian Survey

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  • Valeria Bellisario

    (Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
    Post Graduate School of Medical Statistics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy)

  • Rosanna Irene Comoretto

    (Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy)

  • Paola Berchialla

    (Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 43, 10043 Orbassano, Italy)

  • Emanuele Koumantakis

    (Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
    Post Graduate School of Medical Statistics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy)

  • Giulia Squillacioti

    (Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy)

  • Alberto Borraccino

    (Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy)

  • Roberto Bono

    (Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy)

  • Patrizia Lemma

    (Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy)

  • Lorena Charrier

    (Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Paola Dalmasso

    (Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Recent studies have examined how the environment can influence obesity in young people. The research findings are conflicting: in some studies, green spaces have shown a protective association with obesity and urbanization has turned out to worsen this condition, while other studies contradicted these results. The aim of the study was to examine the relationships between greenness, urbanization, and weight status among Italian adolescents. Student data (11–13 years old) on weight and height, physical activity (PA), and demographic characteristics were extracted from the 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey in Piedmont, Northwest of Italy. Data on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and urbanization were obtained from satellite images and the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT). A multilevel regression model was used to assess the association between NDVI, urbanization, and obesity, controlling for PA. Students living in greener areas reported a lower likelihood of being obese [OR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.02–0.56, p = 0.007], while students living in areas with a higher level of urbanization showed a significantly increased risk of obesity [OR = 2.3, 95% CI:1.14–4.6, p = 0.02]. Living surrounded by higher amounts of greenness and lower levels of urbanization may positively influence health status through lower risk of obesity among youth.

Suggested Citation

  • Valeria Bellisario & Rosanna Irene Comoretto & Paola Berchialla & Emanuele Koumantakis & Giulia Squillacioti & Alberto Borraccino & Roberto Bono & Patrizia Lemma & Lorena Charrier & Paola Dalmasso, 2022. "The Association between Greenness and Urbanization Level with Weight Status among Adolescents: New Evidence from the HBSC 2018 Italian Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-10, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:10:p:5897-:d:814254
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Giulia Squillacioti & Valeria Bellisario & Elena Grignani & Giulio Mengozzi & Giulia Bardaglio & Paola Dalmasso & Roberto Bono, 2019. "The Asti Study: The Induction of Oxidative Stress in A Population of Children According to Their Body Composition and Passive Tobacco Smoking Exposure," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-11, February.
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