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Global Variation in Hand Hygiene Practices Among Adolescents: The Role of Family and School-Level Factors

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  • Santosh Jatrana

    (Centre for Rural and Remote Health, James Cook University, Mount Isa, QLD 4825, Australia
    School of Demography, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
    Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3220, Australia
    Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6021, New Zealand)

  • Md. Mehedi Hasan

    (Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
    The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (The Life Course Centre), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia)

  • Abdullah A. Mamun

    (Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
    The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (The Life Course Centre), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia)

  • Yaqoot Fatima

    (Centre for Rural and Remote Health, James Cook University, Mount Isa, QLD 4825, Australia
    Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia)

Abstract

While appropriate hand hygiene practices (HHP) are protective against infections, the paucity of evidence on global estimates and determinants of HHP in adolescents limits effective design and planning of intervention to improve HHP in young people. We examined the prevalence and correlates of HHP in adolescents. We used nationally representative data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (2003–2017) from 92 countries. HHP were categorized as “appropriate”, “inappropriate” and “lacking” based on the information about “hand washing before eating”, “hand washing after using the toilet”, and “hand washing with soap”. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to assess the role of socio-demographic, health, lifestyle, school, and family-related variables in HHP. Among 354,422 adolescents (13–17 years), only 30.3% were found to practice appropriate hand hygiene. Multivariable models suggest that sedentary behavior (adjusted relative risk ratio (ARRR) 1.41, 95% CI 1.31–1.51)), and bullying victimization (ARRR 1.20, 95% CI 1.10–1.30) promoted inappropriate HHP. In contrast, parental supervision (ARRR 0.55, 95% CI 0.50–0.59) and parental bonding (ARRR 0.81, 95% CI 0.75–0.87) were protective against inappropriate HHP. From a policy perspective, hand hygiene promotion policies and programs should focus on both school (bullying, exercise) and family-level factors (parental supervision and parental bonding) factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Santosh Jatrana & Md. Mehedi Hasan & Abdullah A. Mamun & Yaqoot Fatima, 2021. "Global Variation in Hand Hygiene Practices Among Adolescents: The Role of Family and School-Level Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-14, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:9:p:4984-:d:550238
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Supa Pengpid & Karl Peltzer, 2020. "Hand and Oral Hygiene Practices among Adolescents in Dominican Republic, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago: Prevalence, Health, Risk Behavior, Mental Health and Protective Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-8, October.
    5. Sifat Rabbi & Nepal C Dey, 2013. "Exploring the gap between hand washing knowledge and practices in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional comparative study," Working Papers id:5257, eSocialSciences.
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