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Evaluation of Bed Depth Reduction, Media Change, and Partial Saturation as Combined Strategies to Modify in Vertical Treatment Wetlands

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  • Ismael Vera-Puerto

    (Centro de Innovación en Ingeniería Aplicada, Departamento de Obras Civiles, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Católica del Maule, Av. San Miguel 3605, Talca 3480112, Chile)

  • Hugo Valdés

    (Centro de Innovación en Ingeniería Aplicada, Departamento de Computación e Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Católica del Maule, Av. San Miguel 3605, Talca 3480112, Chile)

  • Christian Correa

    (Centro de Innovación en Ingeniería Aplicada, Departamento de Obras Civiles, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Católica del Maule, Av. San Miguel 3605, Talca 3480112, Chile)

  • Valeria Perez

    (Escuela de Ingeniería en Construcción, Departamento de Obras Civiles, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Católica del Maule, Av. San Miguel 3605, Talca 3480112, Chile)

  • Roberto Gomez

    (Escuela de Ingeniería en Construcción, Departamento de Obras Civiles, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Católica del Maule, Av. San Miguel 3605, Talca 3480112, Chile)

  • Erica Alarcon

    (Centro de Innovación en Ingeniería Aplicada, Departamento de Obras Civiles, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Católica del Maule, Av. San Miguel 3605, Talca 3480112, Chile)

  • Carlos Arias

    (Department of Biology-Aquatic Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
    WATEC Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, NyMunkegade, Bldg. 1521, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark)

Abstract

The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of vertical subsurface flow treatment wetlands (VSSF TWs) for treating rural domestic wastewater when strategies such as bed depth reduction and media change are used in combination with bottom saturation. Two treatment wetland systems were implemented: normal (VF-N), with a bed depth of 1.0 m, and modified (VF-M), with a bed depth of 0.5 m and a bottom layer of natural zeolite. Schoenoplectus californicus was used as experimental plant. These two treatment systems were operated at a hydraulic loading rate of 120 mm/d in two phases. Phase I did not use bottom saturation, while Phase II involved a bottom saturation of the zeolite layer of the VF-M system. The results show that bed depth reduction did not have a significant effect ( p > 0.05) in terms of organic matter, solids, and ammonium removal. Conversely, it had a significant influence ( p < 0.05) on phosphate as well as a negative effect on pathogen removal. This influence could be explained by initial media capacity for phosphorus removal and filtration importance in the case of pathogens. Partial saturation only had a positive influence on total nitrogen removal. The addition of a bottom layer of natural zeolite showed no positive effect on nutrient removal. The plant showed adaptation and positive development in both VF-N and VF-M. The water balance showed that water loss was not influenced by bed depth reduction. Therefore, according to the previous results, a combination of the proposal modifications to VSSF TWs can be introduced for treating rural domestic wastewater.

Suggested Citation

  • Ismael Vera-Puerto & Hugo Valdés & Christian Correa & Valeria Perez & Roberto Gomez & Erica Alarcon & Carlos Arias, 2021. "Evaluation of Bed Depth Reduction, Media Change, and Partial Saturation as Combined Strategies to Modify in Vertical Treatment Wetlands," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-16, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:9:p:4842-:d:547544
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yaning Wang & Jinhu Yang & Hang Xu & Chenwei Liu & Zhen Shen & Kai Hu, 2019. "Preparation of Ceramsite Based on Waterworks Sludge and Its Application as Matrix in Constructed Wetlands," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-13, July.
    2. Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis, 2017. "The use of Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands in Wastewater Treatment," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 31(10), pages 3245-3270, August.
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