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COVID-19 and Recreational Skiing: Results of a Rapid Systematic Review and Possible Preventive Measures

Author

Listed:
  • Vincenza Gianfredi

    (School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
    CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6211 Maastricht, The Netherlands)

  • Nicole Sibilla Mauer

    (School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy)

  • Leandro Gentile

    (Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
    Medical Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy)

  • Matteo Riccò

    (AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Servizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza negli Ambienti di Lavoro (SPSAL), Via Amendola n.2, I-42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy)

  • Anna Odone

    (Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy)

  • Carlo Signorelli

    (School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy)

Abstract

COVID-19 is a novel infectious disease which has rapidly spread around the globe, disrupting several aspects of public life over the past year. After numerous infection clusters emerged among travelers hosted in ski resorts in early 2020, several European countries closed ski areas. These measures were mostly upheld throughout the 2020 and 2021 winter season, generating significant economic loss for mountain communities. The aim of this rapid systematic review was to explore the association between recreational skiing and the spread of COVID-19. This review was conducted according to the WHO practical guidelines on rapid reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, MedRxiv and Promed-mail were screened to identify relevant scientific and grey literature published since the emergence of COVID-19. Among the 11 articles included, seven focused on cases recorded during the first epidemic wave, when COVID-19 containment measures were not yet mandatory. Most infection clusters could be directly linked to public gatherings which took place without the enforcement of restrictions. There is currently no evidence to suggest an association between COVID-19 spread and recreational skiing. It may be reasonable to consider the reopening of ski areas in compliance with strict rules and preventive measures.

Suggested Citation

  • Vincenza Gianfredi & Nicole Sibilla Mauer & Leandro Gentile & Matteo Riccò & Anna Odone & Carlo Signorelli, 2021. "COVID-19 and Recreational Skiing: Results of a Rapid Systematic Review and Possible Preventive Measures," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-11, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:8:p:4349-:d:539472
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hanns Moshammer & Michael Poteser & Kathrin Lemmerer & Peter Wallner & Hans-Peter Hutter, 2020. "Time Course of COVID-19 Cases in Austria," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-8, May.
    2. Giorgia Guglielmi, 2020. "Coronavirus and public holidays: what the data say," Nature, Nature, vol. 588(7839), pages 549-549, December.
    3. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
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