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Prenatal Exposure to Mixtures of Phthalates, Parabens, and Other Phenols and Obesity in Five-Year-Olds in the CHAMACOS Cohort

Author

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  • Kimberly Berger

    (Sequoia Foundation, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA)

  • Carly Hyland

    (Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA)

  • Jennifer L. Ames

    (Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA)

  • Ana M. Mora

    (Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
    Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40101, Costa Rica)

  • Karen Huen

    (Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA)

  • Brenda Eskenazi

    (Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA)

  • Nina Holland

    (Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA)

  • Kim G. Harley

    (Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA)

Abstract

Exposures to phthalates, parabens, and other phenols are often correlated due to their ubiquitous use in personal care products and plastics. Examining these compounds as a complex mixture may clarify inconsistent relationships between individual chemicals and childhood adiposity. Using data from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study, a longitudinal cohort of children in Salinas Valley, California ( n = 309), we examined biomarkers of 11 phthalate metabolites and 9 phenols, including several parabens and bisphenol A, measured in maternal urine at two time points during pregnancy. We measured child height and weight at age five to calculate the body mass index (BMI) z -scores and overweight/obesity status. The association between prenatal urinary concentrations of biomarkers with the childhood BMI z -score and overweight/obesity status was analyzed using single-pollutant models and two mixture methods: Bayesian hierarchical modeling (BMH) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). Urinary concentrations of monoethyl phthalate, monocarboxy-isononly phthalate (metabolites of diethyl phthalate and di-isodecyl phthalate, respectively), and propylparaben were consistently associated with an increased BMI z -score and overweight/obesity status across all modeling approaches. Higher prenatal exposures to the cumulative biomarker mixture also trended with greater childhood adiposity. These results, robust across two methods that control for co-pollutant confounding, suggest that prenatal exposure to certain phthalates and parabens may increase the risk for obesity in early childhood.

Suggested Citation

  • Kimberly Berger & Carly Hyland & Jennifer L. Ames & Ana M. Mora & Karen Huen & Brenda Eskenazi & Nina Holland & Kim G. Harley, 2021. "Prenatal Exposure to Mixtures of Phthalates, Parabens, and Other Phenols and Obesity in Five-Year-Olds in the CHAMACOS Cohort," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-18, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1796-:d:498339
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anderson, Patricia M. & Butcher, Kristin F. & Schanzenbach, Diane Whitmore, 2019. "Understanding recent trends in childhood obesity in the United States," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 16-25.
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    Cited by:

    1. Andrea L. Deierlein & Alexis R. Grayon & Xiaotong Zhu & Yanwen Sun & Xun Liu & Kaelyn Kohlasch & Cheryl R. Stein, 2022. "Personal Care and Household Cleaning Product Use among Pregnant Women and New Mothers during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-12, May.
    2. María Á. Núñez-Sánchez & Almudena Jiménez-Méndez & María Suárez-Cortés & María A. Martínez-Sánchez & Manuel Sánchez-Solís & José E. Blanco-Carnero & Antonio J. Ruiz-Alcaraz & Bruno Ramos-Molina, 2023. "Inherited Epigenetic Hallmarks of Childhood Obesity Derived from Prenatal Exposure to Obesogens," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-15, March.
    3. Xinyun Xu & Haoying Wu & Paul D. Terry & Ling Zhao & Jiangang Chen, 2022. "Impact of Paraben Exposure on Adiposity-Related Measures: An Updated Literature Review of Population-Based Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-16, December.

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