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How Does Reciprocal Exchange of Social Support Alleviate Individuals’ Depression in an Earthquake-Damaged Community?

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  • Arpana Pandit

    (School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi 782-8502, Japan)

  • Yoshinori Nakagawa

    (School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi 782-8502, Japan)

Abstract

There is ample evidence to indicate the direct effects of receiving social support on mental health during and after a disaster. However, the importance of reciprocal exchanges of social support (i.e., balanced receipt and provision of social support) in maintaining the mental health status of individuals is not widely recognized. Using equity theory and reciprocity norms as a conceptual base, we distinguished two types of social support, namely, emotional support and instrumental support, and examined the effects of reciprocal exchanges of types of support on depression in survivors of an earthquake-damaged community. To collect data, in 2019, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 295 survivors of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in a rural village in Nepal. Our results showed that the relationship between reciprocal exchange of support and depression varied depending on the types of support. The amount of emotional support received by the individual alleviated his/her depression only when accompanied by giving emotional support. By contrast, the net amount of instrumental support given by the individual increased his/her depression. The practical implications of the study are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Arpana Pandit & Yoshinori Nakagawa, 2021. "How Does Reciprocal Exchange of Social Support Alleviate Individuals’ Depression in an Earthquake-Damaged Community?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-16, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1585-:d:495388
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Patricia A. Thomas, 2010. "Is It Better to Give or to Receive? Social Support and the Well-being of Older Adults," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 65(3), pages 351-357.
    2. Jiuping Xu & Ying Wei, 2013. "Social Support as a Moderator of the Relationship between Anxiety and Depression: An Empirical Study with Adult Survivors of Wenchuan Earthquake," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(10), pages 1-1, October.
    3. Mizuno, Yuki & Hikichi, Hiroyuki & Noguchi, Masayuki & Kawachi, Ichiro & Takao, Soshi, 2019. "Reciprocity of social support is associated with psychological distress and suicidal ideation in older Japanese people: A population-based study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 131-137.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lennart Reifels & Michel L. A. Dückers, 2023. "Disaster Mental Health Risk Reduction: Appraising Disaster Mental Health Research as If Risk Mattered," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(11), pages 1-14, May.
    2. Liza Murlender & Karen Choe & Marina Ayelén Fernandez & Martin Agrest & Sara Elena Ardila-Gómez, 2024. "‘We see they are abandoned’: Social support between people discharged from long-term psychiatric hospitalizations and their neighbors in Argentina," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 70(3), pages 498-506, May.
    3. Steven Sek-yum Ngai & Chau-Kiu Cheung & Jianhong Mo & Spencer Yu-hong Chau & Elly Nga-hin Yu & Lin Wang & Hon-yin Tang, 2021. "Mediating Effects of Emotional Support Reception and Provision on the Relationship between Group Interaction and Psychological Well-Being: A Study of Young Patients," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-19, November.

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