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Identifying Missed Opportunities for Routine Vaccination among People Who Use Drugs

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  • Paula M. Frew

    (UNLV School of Public Health, UNLV School of Medicine, and UNLV Population Health & Health Equity Initiative, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
    Present address: Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA: Current affiliation: Merck & Co., affiliated with UNLV when work was conducted.)

  • Jay T. Schamel

    (UNLV School of Public Health, UNLV School of Medicine, and UNLV Population Health & Health Equity Initiative, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA)

  • Laura A. Randall

    (UNLV School of Public Health, UNLV School of Medicine, and UNLV Population Health & Health Equity Initiative, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA)

  • Adrian R. King

    (UNLV School of Public Health, UNLV School of Medicine, and UNLV Population Health & Health Equity Initiative, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA)

  • Ian W. Holloway

    (Department of Social Welfare, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA)

  • Katherine Burris

    (UNLV School of Public Health, UNLV School of Medicine, and UNLV Population Health & Health Equity Initiative, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA)

  • Anne C. Spaulding

    (Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA)

  • HBOU Project Team

    (Group email: hbou@unlv.edu . All members are cited in the Acknowledgement section.)

Abstract

In the US, adult immunization coverage remains low, especially among vulnerable populations, as recent hepatitis A outbreaks have demonstrated. We studied the vaccination history variation among the US adults who use drugs by implementing a community-engaged research survey to identify reported immunization coverage, missed opportunities (MO), and places where immunizations might be delivered. Our analysis of a sample of 1127 participants recruited at community syringe exchanges in three cities identified higher overall vaccination receipt in Los Angeles compared to Atlanta or Las Vegas (e.g., HAV receipt 52.2% LA, 42.1% LV, 41.4% Atlanta). Overall, fewer participants reported having received HAV (45.9%), HBV (47.5%), or influenza (47.6%) vaccines than MMR (57.1%) or Td/Tdap (61.1%). Across sites, HAV receipt was higher for participants incarcerated ≥ 5 years (54.2% vs. 43.6% for those incarcerated < 5 years, 49.4% no incarceration history, p = 0.02). HBV receipt was higher among participants who were not intravenous drug users (56.1% vs. 46.0%, p = 0.03). Additionally, income >$20k predicted higher rates of MMR receipt (67.0% vs. 56.5%, p = 0.009), as did stable housing (62.8% vs. 54.3%, p = 0.01). To address the need to expand vaccine coverage among vulnerable adults, delivering vaccine at sites where persons who use drugs access services, or in correctional facilities, may be warranted.

Suggested Citation

  • Paula M. Frew & Jay T. Schamel & Laura A. Randall & Adrian R. King & Ian W. Holloway & Katherine Burris & Anne C. Spaulding & HBOU Project Team, 2021. "Identifying Missed Opportunities for Routine Vaccination among People Who Use Drugs," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-17, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1447-:d:493151
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sara Reardon, 2019. "The US opioid epidemic is driving a spike in infectious diseases," Nature, Nature, vol. 571(7763), pages 15-16, July.
    2. Freimuth, Vicki S. & Jamison, Amelia M. & An, Ji & Hancock, Gregory R. & Quinn, Sandra Crouse, 2017. "Determinants of trust in the flu vaccine for African Americans and Whites," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 70-79.
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