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Effect of Various Exercise Regimens on Selected Exercise-Induced Cytokines in Healthy People

Author

Listed:
  • Remigiusz Domin

    (Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
    All three authors have equal contribution to the manuscript and therefore should be considered as first authors.)

  • Daniela Dadej

    (Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
    All three authors have equal contribution to the manuscript and therefore should be considered as first authors.)

  • Michał Pytka

    (Department of Cardiology-Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
    All three authors have equal contribution to the manuscript and therefore should be considered as first authors.)

  • Ariadna Zybek-Kocik

    (Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland)

  • Marek Ruchała

    (Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland)

  • Przemysław Guzik

    (Department of Cardiology-Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland)

Abstract

Different forms of physical activity—endurance, resistance or dynamic power—stimulate cytokine release from various tissues to the bloodstream. Receptors for exercise-induced cytokines are present in muscle tissue, adipose tissue, liver, brain, bones, cardiovascular system, immune system, pancreas, and skin. They have autocrine, paracrine and endocrine activities. Many of them regulate the myocyte growth and differentiation necessary for muscle hypertrophy and myogenesis. They also modify energy homeostasis, lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism, regulate inflammation and exchange information (crosstalk) between remote organs. So far, interleukin 6 and irisin have been the best studied exercise-induced cytokines. However, many more can be grouped into myokines, hepatokines and adipomyokines. This review focuses on the less known exercise-induced cytokines such as myostatin, follistatin, decorin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factor 21 and interleukin 15, and their relation to various forms of exercise, i.e., acute vs. chronic, regular training in healthy people.

Suggested Citation

  • Remigiusz Domin & Daniela Dadej & Michał Pytka & Ariadna Zybek-Kocik & Marek Ruchała & Przemysław Guzik, 2021. "Effect of Various Exercise Regimens on Selected Exercise-Induced Cytokines in Healthy People," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-36, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:3:p:1261-:d:490297
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alexandra C. McPherron & Ann M. Lawler & Se-Jin Lee, 1997. "Regulation of skeletal muscle mass in mice by a new TGF-p superfamily member," Nature, Nature, vol. 387(6628), pages 83-90, May.
    2. Hee-Tae Roh & Su-Youn Cho & Wi-Young So, 2020. "Effects of Regular Taekwondo Intervention on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Myokines in Overweight and Obese Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-11, April.
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