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Health Literacy and Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Evidence from a Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea

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  • Hye-Ri Shin

    (Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea)

  • Eun-Young Choi

    (Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA)

  • Su-Kyung Kim

    (AgeTech-Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea)

  • Hee-Yun Lee

    (School of Social Work, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA)

  • Young-Sun Kim

    (AgeTech-Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea)

Abstract

Health literacy is closely associated with poor health outcomes and mortality. However, only a handful of studies have examined the association between health literacy and frailty status. The current study used data from a nationwide sample of Korean adults aged 70–84 collected from 10 cities, each of which represents a different region of South Korea ( n = 1521). We used the propensity score matching (PSM) method to minimize the potential selection bias and confounding factors that are present in observational studies. After PSM, demographic and health-related characteristics between the limited health literacy ( n = 486) and the nonlimited health literacy ( n = 486) groups were not significantly different. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted for the PSM-matched sample to examine the association between health literacy and frailty outcomes, where the robust group was set as a reference. Limited health literacy significantly increased the risk of pre-frailty (RRR = 1.45, p = 0.02) and frailty (RRR = 2.03, p = 0.01) after adjusting for demographic and health-related factors. Our findings underscore the need to foster health literacy programs and provide preliminary evidence to inform tailored intervention programs so that we might attenuate the risk of frailty in the older population.

Suggested Citation

  • Hye-Ri Shin & Eun-Young Choi & Su-Kyung Kim & Hee-Yun Lee & Young-Sun Kim, 2021. "Health Literacy and Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Evidence from a Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-10, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:15:p:7918-:d:602007
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hae Sagong & Ju Young Yoon, 2021. "Pathways among Frailty, Health Literacy, Acculturation, and Social Support of Middle-Aged and Older Korean Immigrants in the USA," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-11, January.
    2. King, Gary & Nielsen, Richard, 2019. "Why Propensity Scores Should Not Be Used for Matching," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 27(4), pages 435-454, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chia-Hui Wang & Wen-Pei Chang & Su-Ru Chen & Wan-Ju Cheng & Kuei-Ru Chou & Li-Chung Pien, 2022. "Health Literacy and Exercise to Treat Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A National Survey Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-10, July.
    2. Chun-Wang Wei & Hao-Yun Kao & Wen-Hsiung Wu & Chien-Yu Chen & Hsin-Pin Fu, 2021. "The Influence of Robot-Assisted Learning System on Health Literacy and Learning Perception," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-15, October.

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