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Contamination Transport in the Coastal Unconfined Aquifer under the Influences of Seawater Intrusion and Inland Freshwater Recharge—Laboratory Experiments and Numerical Simulations

Author

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  • Qiaona Guo

    (School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

  • Yue Zhao

    (School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

  • Zili Hu

    (School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

  • Mengjun Li

    (School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract

The coupled effect of seawater intrusion and inland freshwater recharge plays an important role in contamination transport in coastal heterogeneous aquifer. In this study, the effects of seawater intrusion and inland recharge on contamination transport were investigated by conducting laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. The laboratory tests were conducted in a sand tank considering two scenarios, namely the conditions of landward and seaward hydraulic gradients. The SEAWAT software was applied for validating the contaminant transport in coastal heterogeneous aquifer. The results indicated that the simulated seawater wedge and contours of the saltwater contaminant matched the observed ones well. The length of the seawater wedge in the scenario of seaward hydraulic gradient was smaller than that in the scenario of landward hydraulic gradient, which reflected that the large quantity of inland recharge have a negative effect on the invasion process of seawater. The plume moved mainly downward in the heterogeneous unconfined aquifer for both scenarios. The pollution plume became concave at the interface between each two layers, which was because the velocity of contaminant plume migration increased gradually from the upper layer to lower layer. The migration direction of the front of the plume was consistent with the direction of hydraulic gradient, which indicated that it was influenced by the water flowing. The maximum area of plume in the scenario of seaward hydraulic gradient was slightly smaller than that in the scenario of landward hydraulic gradient. The maximum area and vertical depth of the pollutant plume were sensitive to the hydraulic conductivity, dispersivity and contamination concentration. This study was of great significance to the controlling of pollution and utilization of freshwater resources in coastal areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Qiaona Guo & Yue Zhao & Zili Hu & Mengjun Li, 2021. "Contamination Transport in the Coastal Unconfined Aquifer under the Influences of Seawater Intrusion and Inland Freshwater Recharge—Laboratory Experiments and Numerical Simulations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:2:p:762-:d:482047
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Qiaona Guo & Yahui Zhang & Zhifang Zhou & Zili Hu, 2020. "Transport of Contamination under the Influence of Sea Level Rise in Coastal Heterogeneous Aquifer," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-16, November.
    2. Hayek, F. A., 2012. "Hayek on Hayek," University of Chicago Press Economics Books, University of Chicago Press, edition 1, number 9780226321202 edited by Kresge, Stephen & Wenar, Leif, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mamoon Ismail & Soni M. Pradhanang & Thomas Boving & Sophia Motta & Brendan McCarron & Ashley Volk, 2024. "Review of Modeling Approaches at the Freshwater and Saltwater interface in Coastal Aquifers," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-23, August.
    2. Soumaya Hajji & Nabila Allouche & Salem Bouri & Awad M. Aljuaid & Wafik Hachicha, 2021. "Assessment of Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers Using Multivariate Statistical Analyses and Hydrochemical Facies Evolution-Based Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-18, December.

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