IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i2p737-d481593.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Definitions of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) : A Literature Review of Epidemiological Research in Australia

Author

Listed:
  • Thi Thu Le Pham

    (Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Australia)

  • Janneke Berecki-Gisolf

    (Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Australia)

  • Angela Clapperton

    (Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Australia
    Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Melbourne, Australia)

  • Kerry S. O’Brien

    (School of Social Sciences, Monash University, 3000 Melbourne, Australia)

  • Sara Liu

    (Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Australia)

  • Katharine Gibson

    (Department of Health & Human Services, 3000 Melbourne, Australia)

Abstract

Objective : To identify how Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) communities are defined in epidemiological research in Australia and provide a definition of CALD status that aids the consistency and interpretability of epidemiological studies. Methods : Peer-reviewed literature from January 2015 to May 2020 was searched via four databases (Ovid Medline combined with PubMed, Embase, Emcare, and CINAHL) to identify quantitative studies of CALD people in Australia. Results : A total of 108 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the review. Country of birth was the most commonly used CALD definition ( n = 33, 30.6%), with combinations of two or more components also frequently used ( n = 31, 28.7%). No studies used all the components suggested as core to defining CALD status. including country of birth, languages other than English spoken at home, English proficiency, and indigenous status. Conclusions : There was considerable inconsistency in how CALD status was defined. The review suggests that CALD status would best be defined as people born in non-English speaking countries, and/or who do not speak English at home. Additionally, indigenous peoples should be considered separately. This recommended definition will support the better identification of potential health disparity and needs in CALD and indigenous communities.

Suggested Citation

  • Thi Thu Le Pham & Janneke Berecki-Gisolf & Angela Clapperton & Kerry S. O’Brien & Sara Liu & Katharine Gibson, 2021. "Definitions of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) : A Literature Review of Epidemiological Research in Australia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-23, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:2:p:737-:d:481593
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/2/737/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/2/737/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Maryam Mozooni & David Brian Preen & Craig Edward Pennell, 2020. "The influence of acculturation on the risk of stillbirth in migrant women residing in Western Australia," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(4), pages 1-16, April.
    2. Felix Akpojene Ogbo & Osita Kingsley Ezeh & Mansi Vijaybhai Dhami & Sabrina Naz & Sarah Khanlari & Anne McKenzie & Kingsley Agho & Andrew Page & Jane Ussher & Janette Perz & John Eastwood, 2019. "Perinatal Distress and Depression in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Australian Women: The Role of Psychosocial and Obstetric Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-22, August.
    3. Jonathan O’Hara & Crystal McPhee & Sarity Dodson & Annie Cooper & Carol Wildey & Melanie Hawkins & Alexandra Fulton & Vicki Pridmore & Victoria Cuevas & Mathew Scanlon & Patricia M. Livingston & Richa, 2018. "Barriers to Breast Cancer Screening among Diverse Cultural Groups in Melbourne, Australia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-13, August.
    4. Correa-Velez, Ignacio & Gifford, Sandra M. & McMichael, Celia, 2015. "The persistence of predictors of wellbeing among refugee youth eight years after resettlement in Melbourne, Australia," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 163-168.
    5. Soumya Basu & Anton N Isaacs, 2019. "Profile of transcultural patients in a regional Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service in Gippsland, Australia: The need for a multidimensional understanding of the complexities," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 65(3), pages 217-224, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Christopher Lemoh & Yinzong Xiao & Lien Tran & Nafisa Yussf & Piergiorgio Moro & Sophie Dutertre & Jack Wallace, 2023. "An Intersectional Approach to Hepatitis B," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-11, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Daniela Lemmo & Maria Luisa Martino & Anna Rosa Donizzetti & Maria Francesca Freda & Daniela Caso, 2022. "The Relationship between Healthcare Providers and Preventive Practices: Narratives on Access to Cancer Screening," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-18, September.
    2. Songul Gul, 2023. "Factors That Influence the Life Satisfaction of Afghan Refugees Living in Eastern Turkey: The Role of Their Migration Causes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-17, October.
    3. Don Nutbeam & Diane Levin-Zamir & Gill Rowlands, 2018. "Health Literacy in Context," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-3, November.
    4. O'Donnell, Alexander W. & Stuart, Jaimee & O'Donnell, Karlee J., 2020. "The long-term financial and psychological resettlement outcomes of pre-migration trauma and post-settlement difficulties in resettled refugees," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    5. Emily Miller & Tahereh Ziaian & Helena de Anstiss & Melanie Baak, 2022. "Ecologies of Resilience for Australian High School Students from Refugee Backgrounds: Quantitative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-17, January.
    6. Altinay, Levent & Alrawadieh, Zaid & Hudec, Oto & Urbančíková, Nataša & Evrim Arici, Hasan, 2023. "Modelling social inclusion, self-esteem, loneliness, psychological distress, and psychological resilience of refugees: Does hospitableness matter?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    7. Karina Friis & Anna Aaby & Mathias Lasgaard & Marie Hauge Pedersen & Richard H. Osborne & Helle Terkildsen Maindal, 2020. "Low Health Literacy and Mortality in Individuals with Cardiovascular Disease, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Diabetes, and Mental Illness: A 6-Year Population-Based Follow-Up Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-10, December.
    8. Rosalynn M. Record-Lemon & Magali Chevalier & Meredith Mackenzie & Marcos L. Moura & Kesha Pradhan & Vanessa Silva & Richard A. Young, 2021. "Transition Processes and Outcomes for Immigrant and Refugee Youth: a Narrative Review from a Goal-Directed Perspective," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 22(2), pages 429-451, June.
    9. Avi Anuj Jain, 2022. "In The Pursuit of Happiness: Observations of Young Tibetan Refugees in Exile, India," South Asian Survey, , vol. 29(1), pages 42-60, March.
    10. Ignacio Correa-Velez & Sandra M. Gifford & Celia McMichael & Robyn Sampson, 2017. "Predictors of Secondary School Completion Among Refugee Youth 8 to 9 Years After Resettlement in Melbourne, Australia," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 18(3), pages 791-805, August.
    11. Bridget Basile-Ibrahim & Joan Combellick & Thomas L. Mead & Alee Sorensen & Janene Batten & Robyn Schafer, 2024. "The Social Context of Pregnancy, Respectful Maternity Care, Biomarkers of Weathering, and Postpartum Mental Health Inequities: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(4), pages 1-27, April.
    12. Francesc Ramos-Roure & Maria Feijoo-Cid & Josep Maria Manresa-Dominguez & Jordi Segura-Bernal & Rosa García-Sierra & Maria Isabel Fernández-Cano & Pere Toran-Monserrat, 2021. "Intercultural Communication between Long-Stay Immigrants and Catalan Primary Care Nurses: A Qualitative Approach to Rebalancing Power," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-18, March.
    13. Cave, Leah & Cooper, Matthew N. & Zubrick, Stephen R. & Shepherd, Carrington C.J., 2020. "Racial discrimination and child and adolescent health in longitudinal studies: A systematic review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:2:p:737-:d:481593. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.