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Peer Support and Overdose Prevention Responses: A Systematic ‘State-of-the-Art’ Review

Author

Listed:
  • Fiona Mercer

    (Salvation Army Centre for Addiction Services and Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
    Joint first authors.)

  • Joanna Astrid Miler

    (Salvation Army Centre for Addiction Services and Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
    Joint first authors.)

  • Bernie Pauly

    (Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada)

  • Hannah Carver

    (Salvation Army Centre for Addiction Services and Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK)

  • Kristina Hnízdilová

    (Salvation Army Centre for Addiction Services and Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK)

  • Rebecca Foster

    (Salvation Army Centre for Addiction Services and Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK)

  • Tessa Parkes

    (Salvation Army Centre for Addiction Services and Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK)

Abstract

Overdose prevention for people who use illicit drugs is essential during the current overdose crisis. Peer support is a process whereby individuals with lived or living experience of a particular phenomenon provide support to others by explicitly drawing on these experiences. This review provides a systematic search and evidence synthesis of peer support within overdose prevention interventions for people who use illicit drugs. A systematic search of six databases (CINAHL, SocINDEX, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge) was conducted in November 2020 for papers published in English between 2000 and 2020. Following screening and full-text review, 46 papers met criteria and were included in this review. A thematic analysis approach was used to synthesize themes. Important findings include: the value of peers in creating trusted services; the diversity of peers’ roles; the implications of barriers on peer-involved overdose prevention interventions; and the stress and trauma experienced by peers. Peers play a pivotal role in overdose prevention interventions for people who use illicit drugs and are essential to the acceptability and feasibility of such services. However, peers face considerable challenges within their roles, including trauma and burnout. Future interventions must consider how to support and strengthen peer roles in overdose settings.

Suggested Citation

  • Fiona Mercer & Joanna Astrid Miler & Bernie Pauly & Hannah Carver & Kristina Hnízdilová & Rebecca Foster & Tessa Parkes, 2021. "Peer Support and Overdose Prevention Responses: A Systematic ‘State-of-the-Art’ Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-24, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:22:p:12073-:d:681391
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Faulkner-Gurstein, Rachel, 2017. "The social logic of naloxone: Peer administration, harm reduction, and the transformation of social policy," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 20-27.
    3. Kennedy, Mary Clare & Boyd, Jade & Mayer, Samara & Collins, Alexandra & Kerr, Thomas & McNeil, Ryan, 2019. "Peer worker involvement in low-threshold supervised consumption facilities in the context of an overdose epidemic in Vancouver, Canada," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 60-68.
    4. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
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