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Baseline Drug Treatments as Indicators of Increased Risk of COVID-19 Mortality in Spain and Italy

Author

Listed:
  • Kevin Bliek-Bueno

    (EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Teaching Unit of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Sara Mucherino

    (Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Farmacoeconomia e Farmacoutilizzazione (CIRFF), Center of Drug Utilization and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy)

  • Beatriz Poblador-Plou

    (EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28222 Madrid, Spain)

  • Francisca González-Rubio

    (EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28222 Madrid, Spain
    Delicias-Sur Primary Care Health Centre, Aragon Health Service (SALUD), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Drug Utilization Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), 08009 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Mercedes Aza-Pascual-Salcedo

    (EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28222 Madrid, Spain
    Primary Care Pharmacy Service Zaragoza III, Aragon Health Service (SALUD), 50017 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Valentina Orlando

    (Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Farmacoeconomia e Farmacoutilizzazione (CIRFF), Center of Drug Utilization and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy)

  • Mercedes Clerencia-Sierra

    (EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28222 Madrid, Spain
    Aragon Health Service (SALUD), Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Ignatios Ioakeim-Skoufa

    (EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Drug Utilization Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), 08009 Barcelona, Spain
    WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
    Department of Drug Statistics, Division of Health Data and Digitalisation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway)

  • Enrico Coscioni

    (Division of Cardiac Surgery, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona, 84131 Salerno, Italy)

  • Jonás Carmona-Pírez

    (EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28222 Madrid, Spain
    Delicias-Sur Primary Care Health Centre, Aragon Health Service (SALUD), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Alessandro Perrella

    (Infectious Disease of Healthcare Direction, AORN Antonio Cardarelli, 80131 Naples, Italy)

  • Ugo Trama

    (Regional Pharmaceutical Unit, Campania Region, 80143 Naples, Italy)

  • Alexandra Prados-Torres

    (EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28222 Madrid, Spain)

  • Enrica Menditto

    (Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Farmacoeconomia e Farmacoutilizzazione (CIRFF), Center of Drug Utilization and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
    These authors contributed equally and served as senior co-authors.)

  • Antonio Gimeno-Miguel

    (EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28222 Madrid, Spain
    These authors contributed equally and served as senior co-authors.)

Abstract

This study aims to identify baseline medications that, as a proxy for the diseases they are dispensed for, are associated with increased risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients from two regions in Spain and Italy using real-world data. We conducted a cross-country, retrospective, observational study including 8570 individuals from both regions with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between 4 March and 17 April 2020, and followed them for a minimum of 30 days to allow sufficient time for the studied event, in this case death, to occur. Baseline demographic variables and all drugs dispensed in community pharmacies three months prior to infection were extracted from the PRECOVID Study cohort (Aragon, Spain) and the Campania Region Database (Campania, Italy) and analyzed using logistic regression models. Results show that the presence at baseline of potassium-sparing agents, antipsychotics, vasodilators, high-ceiling diuretics, antithrombotic agents, vitamin B12, folic acid, and antiepileptics were systematically associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients from both countries. Treatments for chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, systemic inflammation, and processes with increased risk of thrombosis as proxies for the conditions they are intended for can serve as timely indicators of an increased likelihood of mortality after the infection, and the assessment of pharmacological profiles can be an additional approach to the identification of at-risk individuals in clinical practice.

Suggested Citation

  • Kevin Bliek-Bueno & Sara Mucherino & Beatriz Poblador-Plou & Francisca González-Rubio & Mercedes Aza-Pascual-Salcedo & Valentina Orlando & Mercedes Clerencia-Sierra & Ignatios Ioakeim-Skoufa & Enrico , 2021. "Baseline Drug Treatments as Indicators of Increased Risk of COVID-19 Mortality in Spain and Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-10, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:22:p:11786-:d:675955
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Valentina Orlando & Sara Mucherino & Ilaria Guarino & Francesca Guerriero & Ugo Trama & Enrica Menditto, 2020. "Gender Differences in Medication Use: A Drug Utilization Study Based on Real World Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-10, June.
    2. Beatriz Poblador-Plou & Jonás Carmona-Pírez & Ignatios Ioakeim-Skoufa & Antonio Poncel-Falcó & Kevin Bliek-Bueno & Mabel Cano-del Pozo & Luis Andrés Gimeno-Feliú & Francisca González-Rubio & Mercedes , 2020. "Baseline Chronic Comorbidity and Mortality in Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 Cases: Results from the PRECOVID Study in Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-14, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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