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Sex Differences and Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality among Patients with COVID-19: Results from the ANCOHVID Multicentre Study

Author

Listed:
  • Nicolás Francisco Fernández-Martínez

    (Unidad de Gestión Clínica Interniveles de Prevención, Promoción y Vigilancia de la Salud, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
    Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Group, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Rocío Ortiz-González-Serna

    (Unidad de Gestión Clínica Interniveles de Prevención, Promoción y Vigilancia de la Salud, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
    Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Group, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Álvaro Serrano-Ortiz

    (Unidad de Gestión Clínica Interniveles de Prevención, Promoción y Vigilancia de la Salud, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
    Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Group, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Mario Rivera-Izquierdo

    (Service of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
    Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs. Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
    Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain)

  • Rafael Ruiz-Montero

    (Unidad de Gestión Clínica Interniveles de Prevención, Promoción y Vigilancia de la Salud, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
    Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Group, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
    Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Marina Pérez-Contreras

    (Service of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain)

  • Inmaculada Guerrero-Fernández de Alba

    (Service of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
    Service of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, 23007 Jaén, Spain)

  • Álvaro Romero-Duarte

    (School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain)

  • Inmaculada Salcedo-Leal

    (Unidad de Gestión Clínica Interniveles de Prevención, Promoción y Vigilancia de la Salud, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
    Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Group, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
    Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain)

Abstract

Spain is one of the countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although risk factors for severe disease are published, sex differences have been widely neglected. In this multicentre study, we aimed to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality in men and women hospitalised with COVID-19. An observational longitudinal study was conducted in the cohort of patients admitted to four hospitals in Andalusia, Spain, from 1 March 2020 to 15 April 2020. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from hospital records. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate 30-day survival and multiple Cox regression models were applied. All analyses were stratified by sex. A total of 968 patients were included (54.8% men, median age 67.0 years). In-hospital mortality reached 19.1% in men and 16.0% in women. Factors independently associated with an increased hazard of death were advanced age, higher CURB-65 score and not receiving azithromycin treatment, in both sexes; active cancer and autoimmune disease, in men; cardiovascular disease and chronic lung disease, in women. Disease outcomes and predictors of death differed between sexes. In-hospital mortality was higher in men, but the long-term effects of COVID-19 merit further research. The sex-differential impact of the pandemic should be addressed in public health policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicolás Francisco Fernández-Martínez & Rocío Ortiz-González-Serna & Álvaro Serrano-Ortiz & Mario Rivera-Izquierdo & Rafael Ruiz-Montero & Marina Pérez-Contreras & Inmaculada Guerrero-Fernández de Alba, 2021. "Sex Differences and Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality among Patients with COVID-19: Results from the ANCOHVID Multicentre Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:17:p:9018-:d:622874
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Eduardo Gutiérrez-Abejón & Eduardo Tamayo & Débora Martín-García & F. Javier Álvarez & Francisco Herrera-Gómez, 2020. "Clinical Profile, Treatment and Predictors during the First COVID-19 Wave: A Population-Based Registry Analysis from Castile and Leon Hospitals," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Beatriz Poblador-Plou & Jonás Carmona-Pírez & Ignatios Ioakeim-Skoufa & Antonio Poncel-Falcó & Kevin Bliek-Bueno & Mabel Cano-del Pozo & Luis Andrés Gimeno-Feliú & Francisca González-Rubio & Mercedes , 2020. "Baseline Chronic Comorbidity and Mortality in Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 Cases: Results from the PRECOVID Study in Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-14, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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