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Drug Interactions for Patients with Respiratory Diseases Receiving COVID-19 Emerged Treatments

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  • Marios Spanakis

    (Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
    Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research & Technology-Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece)

  • Athina Patelarou

    (Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece)

  • Evridiki Patelarou

    (Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece)

  • Nikolaos Tzanakis

    (Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, GR-71303 Heraklion, Crete, Greece)

Abstract

Pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is still pressing the healthcare systems worldwide. Thus far, the lack of available COVID-19-targeted treatments has led scientists to look through drug repositioning practices and exploitation of available scientific evidence for potential efficient drugs that may block biological pathways of SARS-CoV-2. Till today, several molecules have emerged as promising pharmacological agents, and more than a few medication protocols are applied during hospitalization. On the other hand, given the criticality of the disease, it is important for healthcare providers, especially those in COVID-19 clinics (i.e., nursing personnel and treating physicians), to recognize potential drug interactions that may lead to adverse drug reactions that may negatively impact the therapeutic outcome. In this review, focusing on patients with respiratory diseases (i.e., asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) that are treated also for COVID-19, we discuss possible drug interactions, their underlying pharmacological mechanisms, and possible clinical signs that healthcare providers in COVID-19 clinics may need to acknowledge as adverse drug reactions due to drug-drug interactions.

Suggested Citation

  • Marios Spanakis & Athina Patelarou & Evridiki Patelarou & Nikolaos Tzanakis, 2021. "Drug Interactions for Patients with Respiratory Diseases Receiving COVID-19 Emerged Treatments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-22, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:21:p:11711-:d:674339
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    2. Min Seo Kim & Min Ho An & Won Jun Kim & Tae-Ho Hwang, 2020. "Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and network meta-analysis," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(12), pages 1-28, December.
    3. Marios Spanakis & Marianna Roubedaki & Ioannis Tzanakis & Michail Zografakis-Sfakianakis & Evridiki Patelarou & Athina Patelarou, 2020. "Impact of Adverse Drug Reactions in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease in Greece," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-17, December.
    4. Nicky Phillips, 2021. "The coronavirus is here to stay — here’s what that means," Nature, Nature, vol. 590(7846), pages 382-384, February.
    5. Elie Dolgin, 2021. "The race for antiviral drugs to beat COVID — and the next pandemic," Nature, Nature, vol. 592(7854), pages 340-343, April.
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