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Multifactorial Programs for Healthy Older Adults to Reduce Falls and Improve Physical Performance: Systematic Review

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  • Vânia Loureiro

    (Department of Arts, Humanities and Sports, School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal
    ISAMB Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Margarida Gomes

    (Department of Arts, Humanities and Sports, School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal)

  • Nuno Loureiro

    (Department of Arts, Humanities and Sports, School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal
    ISAMB Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Agustín Aibar-Almazán

    (Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain)

  • Fidel Hita-Contreras

    (Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain)

Abstract

The aim of this systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to investigate the effects of multifactorial programs on the rate of falls and physical performance in ≥60 years old adults. A systematic literature search was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library). A total of 518 articles were identified in the initial search, and six RCTs were finally included. Articles written in English, Portuguese and Spanish and published from January 2009 to May 2020 were included in this study. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated by the PEDro scale. A total of 518 studies were identified in the initial search, six RCTs were finally included, and three reached a level 1 of evidence. The findings of this systematic review of RCTs suggest that a physical exercise program, especially exercise group activities, combined with health education or with fall risk home assessment, were the most effective multifactorial program in reducing the rate of falls, although the results were not conclusive in all the studies included. Significant beneficial effects were observed in physical performance, particularly when assessed as gait, mobility and balance, regardless of the components of multifactorial program or exercise. This inconsistency in the results, particularly regarding the rate of falls, together with the variability among the multifactorial programs, suggest that any conclusion must be drawn with caution.

Suggested Citation

  • Vânia Loureiro & Margarida Gomes & Nuno Loureiro & Agustín Aibar-Almazán & Fidel Hita-Contreras, 2021. "Multifactorial Programs for Healthy Older Adults to Reduce Falls and Improve Physical Performance: Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-11, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:20:p:10842-:d:657163
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
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