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Seasonal Water Quality and Algal Responses to Monsoon-Mediated Nutrient Enrichment, Flow Regime, Drought, and Flood in a Drinking Water Reservoir

Author

Listed:
  • Md Mamun

    (Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
    Indicates equal authorship.)

  • Usman Atique

    (Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
    Indicates equal authorship.)

  • Ji Yoon Kim

    (Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea)

  • Kwang-Guk An

    (Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea)

Abstract

Freshwater reservoirs are a crucial source of urban drinking water worldwide; thus, long-term evaluations of critical water quality determinants are essential. We conducted this study in a large drinking water reservoir for 11 years (2010–2020). The variabilities of ambient nutrients and total suspended solids (TSS) throughout the seasonal monsoon-mediated flow regime influenced algal chlorophyll (Chl-a) levels. The study determined the role of the monsoon-mediated flow regime on reservoir water chemistry. The reservoir conditions were mesotrophic to eutrophic based on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations. An occasional total coliform bacteria (TCB) count of 16,000 MPN per 100 mL was recorded in the reservoir, presenting a significant risk of waterborne diseases among children. A Mann–Kendall test identified a consistent increase in water temperature, conductivity, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) over the study period, limiting a sustainable water supply. The drought and flood regime mediated by the monsoon resulted in large heterogeneities in Chl-a, TCB, TSS, and nutrients (N, P), indicating its role as a key regulator of the ecological functioning of the reservoir. The ambient N:P ratio is a reliable predictor of sestonic Chl-a productivity, and the reservoir was P-limited. Total phosphorus (TP) had a strong negative correlation (R 2 = 0.59, p < 0.05) with the outflow from the dam, while both the TSS (R 2 = 0.50) and Chl-a (R 2 = 0.32, p < 0.05) had a strong positive correlation with the outflow. A seasonal trophic state index revealed oligo-mesotrophic conditions, indicating a limited risk of eutrophication and a positive outcome for long-term management. In conclusion, the Asian monsoon largely controlled the flood and drought conditions and manipulated the flow regime. Exceedingly intensive crop farming in the basin may lead to oligotrophic nutrient enrichment. Although the reservoir water quality was good, we strongly recommend stringent action to alleviate sewage, nutrient, and pollutant inflows to the reservoir.

Suggested Citation

  • Md Mamun & Usman Atique & Ji Yoon Kim & Kwang-Guk An, 2021. "Seasonal Water Quality and Algal Responses to Monsoon-Mediated Nutrient Enrichment, Flow Regime, Drought, and Flood in a Drinking Water Reservoir," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-22, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:20:p:10714-:d:654836
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ji Yoon Kim & Usman Atique & Md Mamun & Kwang-Guk An, 2021. "Long-Term Interannual and Seasonal Links between the Nutrient Regime, Sestonic Chlorophyll and Dominant Bluegreen Algae under the Varying Intensity of Monsoon Precipitation in a Drinking Water Reservo," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-22, March.
    2. Jang HaRa & Usman Atique & Kwang-Guk An, 2020. "Multiyear Links between Water Chemistry, Algal Chlorophyll, Drought-Flood Regime, and Nutrient Enrichment in a Morphologically Complex Reservoir," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-22, April.
    3. C. J. Vörösmarty & P. B. McIntyre & M. O. Gessner & D. Dudgeon & A. Prusevich & P. Green & S. Glidden & S. E. Bunn & C. A. Sullivan & C. Reidy Liermann & P. M. Davies, 2010. "Erratum: Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity," Nature, Nature, vol. 468(7321), pages 334-334, November.
    4. C. J. Vörösmarty & P. B. McIntyre & M. O. Gessner & D. Dudgeon & A. Prusevich & P. Green & S. Glidden & S. E. Bunn & C. A. Sullivan & C. Reidy Liermann & P. M. Davies, 2010. "Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity," Nature, Nature, vol. 467(7315), pages 555-561, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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