IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i18p9772-d637127.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Combined Effects of Different Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) on Prostate Gland

Author

Listed:
  • Maria De Falco

    (Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘‘Federico II’’, 80126 Naples, Italy
    National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
    Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), 80055 Portici, Italy)

  • Vincenza Laforgia

    (Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘‘Federico II’’, 80126 Naples, Italy
    National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) belong to a heterogeneous class of environmental pollutants widely diffused in different aquatic and terrestrial habitats. This implies that humans and animals are continuously exposed to EDCs from different matrices and sources. Moreover, pollution derived from anthropic and industrial activities leads to combined exposure to substances with multiple mechanisms of action on the endocrine system and correlated cell and tissue targets. For this reason, specific organs, such as the prostate gland, which physiologically are under the control of hormones like androgens and estrogens, are particularly sensitive to EDC stimulation. It is now well known that an imbalance in hormonal regulation can cause the onset of various prostate diseases, from benign prostate hyperplasia to prostate cancer. In this review, starting with the description of normal prostate gland anatomy and embryology, we summarize recent studies reporting on how the multiple and simultaneous exposure to estrogenic and anti-androgenic compounds belonging to EDCs are responsible for an increase in prostate disease incidence in the human population.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria De Falco & Vincenza Laforgia, 2021. "Combined Effects of Different Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) on Prostate Gland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-18, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:18:p:9772-:d:637127
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/18/9772/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/18/9772/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Weidong Gan & Ming Zhou & Zou Xiang & Xiaodong Han & Dongmei Li, 2015. "Combined Effects of Nonylphenol and Bisphenol A on the Human Prostate Epithelial Cell Line RWPE-1," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-15, April.
    2. Kevin G. Leong & Bu-Er Wang & Leisa Johnson & Wei-Qiang Gao, 2008. "Generation of a prostate from a single adult stem cell," Nature, Nature, vol. 456(7223), pages 804-808, December.
    3. Marta Benedetti & Amerigo Zona & Eleonora Beccaloni & Mario Carere & Pietro Comba, 2017. "Incidence of Breast, Prostate, Testicular, and Thyroid Cancer in Italian Contaminated Sites with Presence of Substances with Endocrine Disrupting Properties," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-11, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Francesca Gorini & Giorgio Iervasi & Alessio Coi & Letizia Pitto & Fabrizio Bianchi, 2018. "The Role of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Thyroid Carcinogenesis: Is It a Weak Hypothesis or a Hidden Reality? From Facts to New Perspectives," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-24, August.
    2. Marta Benedetti & Amerigo Zona & Paolo Contiero & Eleonora D’Armiento & Ivano Iavarone & AIRTUM Working Group, 2020. "Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in Italian Contaminated Sites," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-16, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:18:p:9772-:d:637127. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.