IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i18p9720-d636055.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Association between Use of Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Nationwide Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study

Author

Listed:
  • Tien-Wei Hsu

    (Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan)

  • Hsiu-Min Chen

    (Department of Health-Business Administration, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83130, Taiwan)

  • Tien-Yu Chen

    (Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
    Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan)

  • Che-Sheng Chu

    (Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
    Center for Geriatric and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
    Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Consortium for Mental Disorders, Society of Psychophysiology, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
    Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80737, Taiwan)

  • Chih-Chuan Pan

    (Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan)

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent upper airway collapse. Benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZRAs) are associated with pharyngeal muscle relaxation, increased apnea duration, and hypoxia, which might worsen OSA. This study aimed to examine the association between the use of BZRAs and the risk of OSA. The study was conducted using data from the National Health Insurance Database of Taiwan between 2002 and 2011. We only included new users who were never exposed to any BZRAs and identified 1848 participants with OSA, and 1848 matched controls. A logistic regression model was used to determine the association between the use of BZRAs and the development of OSA. BZRA exposure was divided into usage patterns, dosage, duration, and pharmacokinetic class. We found an increased risk of OSA in current users and recent past users compared with distant past users. Patients with a higher cumulative dose of BZRAs were more likely to develop OSA compared to those with a lower cumulative dose. We found an increased risk of OSA in patients treated with BZRAs, especially for current users and those with higher cumulative doses. A reduced risk of OSA was found in Z-drug users compared with benzodiazepine users.

Suggested Citation

  • Tien-Wei Hsu & Hsiu-Min Chen & Tien-Yu Chen & Che-Sheng Chu & Chih-Chuan Pan, 2021. "The Association between Use of Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Nationwide Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-12, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:18:p:9720-:d:636055
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/18/9720/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/18/9720/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ming-Feng Wu & Yu-Hsuan Chen & Hui-Chen Chen & Wei-Chang Huang, 2020. "Interactions among Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Severity, Sex, and Obesity on Circulatory Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Suspected Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Retrospective, Cros," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-13, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Giannicola Iannella & Giuseppe Magliulo & Antonio Greco & Marco de Vincentiis & Massimo Ralli & Antonino Maniaci & Annalisa Pace & Claudio Vicini, 2022. "Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: From Symptoms to Treatment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-3, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:18:p:9720-:d:636055. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.