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A Mediation Model between Self-Esteem, Anxiety, and Depression in Sport: The Role of Gender Differences in Speleologists

Author

Listed:
  • Tamara de la Torre-Cruz

    (Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain)

  • Isabel Luis-Rico

    (Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain)

  • Cristina di Giusto-Valle

    (Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain)

  • María-Camino Escolar-Llamazares

    (Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain)

  • David Hortigüela-Alcalá

    (Departamento de Didácticas Específicas, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain)

  • Carmen Palmero-Cámara

    (Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain)

  • Alfredo Jiménez

    (Department of Management, KEDGE Business School, 33405 Talence, France)

Abstract

The scientific literature on mental health has found an association between physical activity and emotional wellbeing and recommends active leisure activities as a way of keeping stress under control. The purpose of this research study is to analyze the level of anxiety, the symptoms of depression and the level of self-esteem of people practicing speleology, as well as possible gender differences. This paper also attempts to understand whether self-esteem is associated with the presence of symptoms of depression in speleologists and whether anxiety has a mediating effect. We conduct a cross-sectional and descriptive research study with a sampling of 105 adult speleologists. The results reveal that the total mediation model is applicable, as self-esteem has a significant indirect association with depression through trait anxiety, as well as a partial mediation model that is applicable through state anxiety. This means that speleologists with high levels of self-esteem, who appreciate and value themselves adequately, reveal lower levels of trait anxiety, and this negatively influences their levels of depression (that is, a lower level of depressive symptoms). At the same time, speleologists with high levels of self-esteem, who appreciate and value themselves adequately, also reveal lower levels of state anxiety, which again has a negative impact on their levels of depression (with fewer symptoms of depression). Emotions such as anxiety, self-esteem, depression and their collateral effects are international topics of interest, which are relevant for people from all sporting backgrounds; therefore, value should be placed on supporting and carrying out further research into this topic.

Suggested Citation

  • Tamara de la Torre-Cruz & Isabel Luis-Rico & Cristina di Giusto-Valle & María-Camino Escolar-Llamazares & David Hortigüela-Alcalá & Carmen Palmero-Cámara & Alfredo Jiménez, 2021. "A Mediation Model between Self-Esteem, Anxiety, and Depression in Sport: The Role of Gender Differences in Speleologists," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-14, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:16:p:8765-:d:617752
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Montse C. Ruiz & Paul R. Appleton & Joan L. Duda & Laura Bortoli & Claudio Robazza, 2021. "Social Environmental Antecedents of Athletes’ Emotions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-13, May.
    2. María-Isabel Luis-Rico & María-Camino Escolar-Llamazares & Tamara de la Torre-Cruz & Álvaro Herrero & Alfredo Jiménez & Pablo Arranz Val & Carmen Palmero-Cámara & Alfredo Jiménez-Eguizábal, 2020. "The Association of Parental Interest in Entrepreneurship with the Entrepreneurial Interest of Spanish Youth," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-16, July.
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