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The Impact of Different Types of Shift Work on Blood Pressure and Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

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  • Sara Gamboa Madeira

    (Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal
    Family Health Unit Mactamã, Administração Regional de Saúde de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo, 2745-862 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Carina Fernandes

    (Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
    Neurology Department, Hospital das Forças Armadas, 1649-020 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Teresa Paiva

    (Sleep Medicine Center (CENC), 1070-068 Lisbon, Portugal
    Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Carlos Santos Moreira

    (Medicine Clinic I, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Daniel Caldeira

    (Cardiology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria/Santa Maria University Hospital—Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHULN), 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
    Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
    Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa (CCUL), CAML, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal)

Abstract

Shift work (SW) encompasses 20% of the European workforce. Moreover, high blood pressure (BP) remains a leading cause of death globally. This review aimed to synthesize the magnitude of the potential impact of SW on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and hypertension (HTN). MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases were searched for epidemiological studies evaluating BP and/or HTN diagnosis among shift workers, compared with day workers. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed and the results were expressed as pooled mean differences or odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias. Forty-five studies were included, involving 117,252 workers. We found a significant increase in both SBD and DBP among permanent night workers (2.52 mmHg, 95% CI 0.75–4.29 and 1.76 mmHg, 95% CI 0.41–3.12, respectively). For rotational shift workers, both with and without night work, we found a significant increase but only for SBP (0.65 mmHg, 95% CI 0.07–1.22 and 1.28 mmHg, 95% CI 0.18–2.39, respectively). No differences were found for HTN. Our findings suggest that SW is associated with an increase of BP, mainly for permanent night workers and for SBP. This is of special interest given the large number of susceptible workers exposed over time.

Suggested Citation

  • Sara Gamboa Madeira & Carina Fernandes & Teresa Paiva & Carlos Santos Moreira & Daniel Caldeira, 2021. "The Impact of Different Types of Shift Work on Blood Pressure and Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-19, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:13:p:6738-:d:580226
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
    2. Yanjun Guo & Yuewei Liu & Xiji Huang & Yi Rong & Meian He & Youjie Wang & Jing Yuan & Tangchun Wu & Weihong Chen, 2013. "The Effects of Shift Work on Sleeping Quality, Hypertension and Diabetes in Retired Workers," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(8), pages 1-6, August.
    3. Carla Sfreddo & Sandra Costa Fuchs & Álvaro Roberto Merlo & Flávio Danni Fuchs, 2010. "Shift Work Is Not Associated with High Blood Pressure or Prevalence of Hypertension," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(12), pages 1-5, December.
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    1. Tomasz Sobierajski & Stanisław Surma & Monika Romańczyk & Maciej Banach & Suzanne Oparil, 2023. "Knowledge of Primary Care Patients Living in the Urban Areas about Risk Factors of Arterial Hypertension," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-17, January.

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