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Effectiveness of a Central Discharge Element Sock for Plantar Temperature Reduction and Improving Comfort

Author

Listed:
  • Alfonso Martínez-Nova

    (Nursing Department, Podiatric Clinic of the University of Extremadura CPUEX, 10600 Plasencia, Spain
    These authors have contributed equally.)

  • Víctor Manuel Jiménez-Cano

    (Nursing Department, Podiatric Clinic of the University of Extremadura CPUEX, 10600 Plasencia, Spain
    Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, Plasencia (Centro Universitario de Plasencia), Avda, Virgen del Puerto 2, 10600 Plasencia, Spain
    These authors have contributed equally.)

  • Juan Miguel Caracuel-López

    (Nursing Department, Podiatric Clinic of the University of Extremadura CPUEX, 10600 Plasencia, Spain)

  • Beatriz Gómez-Martín

    (Nursing Department, Podiatric Clinic of the University of Extremadura CPUEX, 10600 Plasencia, Spain)

  • Elena Escamilla-Martínez

    (Nursing Department, Podiatric Clinic of the University of Extremadura CPUEX, 10600 Plasencia, Spain
    Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, Plasencia (Centro Universitario de Plasencia), Avda, Virgen del Puerto 2, 10600 Plasencia, Spain)

  • Raquel Sánchez-Rodríguez

    (Nursing Department, Podiatric Clinic of the University of Extremadura CPUEX, 10600 Plasencia, Spain
    These authors have contributed equally.)

Abstract

U-shaped plantar cushions could help reduce stress affecting the central forefoot without the need for an orthosis, but they are yet to be integrated as an element in socks. The objective of this study was to verify the effectiveness of a sock with a central discharge element in terms of plantar temperature and comfort. The sample comprised 38 subjects (13 men and 25 women). Their plantar temperatures were measured with a thermographic camera in a basal situation and after each of two 10-minute walks around an indoor circuit during which they wore either control or experimental socks at random (the same design, weight, and fiber, but with the plantar cushioning element added). After the walks, each subject responded to a comfort questionnaire (five-point Likert scale), blindly scoring the two socks. The highest temperatures (28.3 ± 2.7 °C) were recorded in the zone of the second and third metatarsal heads. With the experimental socks, the observed temperature increase in the central forefoot zone was significantly less than with the control socks (31.6 vs. 30.6 °C, p = 0.001). The subjects found the experimental socks to be more comfortable than the controls (4.63 ± 0.5 vs. 4.03 ± 0.5, p < 0.001). The discharge element included in the experimental socks was effective since it reduced the contact zones and excess friction with the ground, thereby lessening overheating by more than 1 °C. Furthermore, the experimental socks were perceived as being more comfortable by the subjects who had mild and occasional foot discomfort.

Suggested Citation

  • Alfonso Martínez-Nova & Víctor Manuel Jiménez-Cano & Juan Miguel Caracuel-López & Beatriz Gómez-Martín & Elena Escamilla-Martínez & Raquel Sánchez-Rodríguez, 2021. "Effectiveness of a Central Discharge Element Sock for Plantar Temperature Reduction and Improving Comfort," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-9, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:6011-:d:568241
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ana Mª Pérez Pico & Ester Mingorance Álvarez & Rodrigo Martínez Quintana & Raquel Mayordomo Acevedo, 2019. "Importance of Sock Type in the Development of Foot Lesions on Low-Difficulty, Short Hikes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-13, May.
    2. Martin Niedermeier & Jürgen Einwanger & Arnulf Hartl & Martin Kopp, 2017. "Affective responses in mountain hiking—A randomized crossover trial focusing on differences between indoor and outdoor activity," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(5), pages 1-17, May.
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