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Climate Change, Weather, Housing Precarity, and Homelessness: A Systematic Review of Reviews

Author

Listed:
  • Mariya Bezgrebelna

    (Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada)

  • Kwame McKenzie

    (Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada)

  • Samantha Wells

    (Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
    Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
    Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
    Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada)

  • Arun Ravindran

    (Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada)

  • Michael Kral

    (Department of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA)

  • Julia Christensen

    (Department of Geography, Memorial University Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada)

  • Vicky Stergiopoulos

    (Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada)

  • Stephen Gaetz

    (Faculty of Education, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada)

  • Sean A. Kidd

    (Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada)

Abstract

This systematic review of reviews was conducted to examine housing precarity and homelessness in relation to climate change and weather extremes internationally. In a thematic analysis of 15 reviews (5 systematic and 10 non-systematic), the following themes emerged: risk factors for homelessness/housing precarity, temperature extremes, health concerns, structural factors, natural disasters, and housing. First, an increased risk of homelessness has been found for people who are vulnerably housed and populations in lower socio-economic positions due to energy insecurity and climate change-induced natural hazards. Second, homeless/vulnerably-housed populations are disproportionately exposed to climatic events (temperature extremes and natural disasters). Third, the physical and mental health of homeless/vulnerably-housed populations is projected to be impacted by weather extremes and climate change. Fourth, while green infrastructure may have positive effects for homeless/vulnerably-housed populations, housing remains a major concern in urban environments. Finally, structural changes must be implemented. Recommendations for addressing the impact of climate change on homelessness and housing precarity were generated, including interventions focusing on homelessness/housing precarity and reducing the effects of weather extremes, improved housing and urban planning, and further research on homelessness/housing precarity and climate change. To further enhance the impact of these initiatives, we suggest employing the Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA).

Suggested Citation

  • Mariya Bezgrebelna & Kwame McKenzie & Samantha Wells & Arun Ravindran & Michael Kral & Julia Christensen & Vicky Stergiopoulos & Stephen Gaetz & Sean A. Kidd, 2021. "Climate Change, Weather, Housing Precarity, and Homelessness: A Systematic Review of Reviews," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-16, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:5812-:d:564714
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alexandra Titz & Sosten S. Chiotha, 2019. "Pathways for Sustainable and Inclusive Cities in Southern and Eastern Africa through Urban Green Infrastructure?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-27, May.
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    3. Alice Fothergill & Lori Peek, 2004. "Poverty and Disasters in the United States: A Review of Recent Sociological Findings," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 32(1), pages 89-110, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mary-Catherine Anderson & Ashley Hazel & Jessica M. Perkins & Zack W. Almquist, 2021. "The Ecology of Unsheltered Homelessness: Environmental and Social-Network Predictors of Well-Being among an Unsheltered Homeless Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-22, July.
    2. Courtney Cronley & Amanda Fackler & Jennifer M. First & Sangwon Lee & Iris Tsouris, 2024. "Persons Experiencing Homelessness during Extreme Temperatures: Lessons for Promoting Socially Inclusive Adaptive Capacity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(8), pages 1-16, July.
    3. Kate Frazer & Thilo Kroll, 2022. "Understanding and Tackling the Complex Challenges of Homelessness and Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-3, March.
    4. Emily J. Tetzlaff & Farah Mourad & Nicholas Goulet & Melissa Gorman & Rachel Siblock & Sean A. Kidd & Mariya Bezgrebelna & Glen P. Kenny, 2024. "“ Death Is a Possibility for Those without Shelter ”: A Thematic Analysis of News Coverage on Homelessness and the 2021 Heat Dome in Canada," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(4), pages 1-15, March.
    5. Derrien, Monika M. & Bratman, Gregory N. & Cerveny, Lee K. & Levy, Chaja & Blahna, Dale J. & Frank, Paulo & Serio, Naomi, 2024. "Public nature and health for homeless populations: Professionals’ perceptions of contingent human benefits and harms," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 347(C).
    6. Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches & Miguel Ángel Navas-Martín, 2024. "Examining Energy Poverty among Vulnerable Women-Led Households in Urban Housing before and after COVID-19 Lockdown: A Case Study from a Neighbourhood in Madrid, Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-18, August.

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