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The Use of GIS Technology to Optimize COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution: A Case Study of the City of Warsaw, Poland

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  • Sylwia Krzysztofowicz

    (Department of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Systems, Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Katarzyna Osińska-Skotak

    (Department of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Systems, Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global challenge, and the key to tackling it is vaccinating a specified percentage of the population to acquire herd immunity. The observed problems with the efficiency of the vaccination campaigns in numerous countries around the world, as well as the approach used at the initial stage of the National Immunization Program in Poland, prompted us to analyse the possibility of using GIS technology to optimize the distribution of vaccines to vaccination sites so as to minimize the period needed to vaccinate individual population groups. The research work was carried out on the example of Warsaw, the capital of Poland and the city with the largest population in the country. The analyses were carried out for the 60–70 and 50–60 age groups, in various approaches and for vaccines of different companies (Moderna, BioNTech, AstraZeneca), used to vaccinate people in Poland. The proposed approach to optimize vaccine distribution uses Thiessen’s tessellation to obtain information on the number of people in a given population group living in the area of each vaccination site, and then to estimate the time needed to vaccinate that group. Compared to the originally used vaccination scenario with limited availability of vaccines, the proposed approach allows practitioners to design fast and efficient distribution scenarios. With the developed methodology, we demonstrated ways to achieve uniform vaccination coverage throughout the city. We anticipate that the proposed approach can be easily automated and broadly applied to various urban settings.

Suggested Citation

  • Sylwia Krzysztofowicz & Katarzyna Osińska-Skotak, 2021. "The Use of GIS Technology to Optimize COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution: A Case Study of the City of Warsaw, Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-22, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:5636-:d:561655
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Munazza Fatima & Kara J. O’Keefe & Wenjia Wei & Sana Arshad & Oliver Gruebner, 2021. "Geospatial Analysis of COVID-19: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-14, February.
    2. World Bank, "undated". "The Economy in the Time of Covid-19 [La Economía en los Tiempos del Covid-19]," World Bank Publications - Reports 33555, The World Bank Group.
    3. Christie Aschwanden, 2020. "The false promise of herd immunity for COVID-19," Nature, Nature, vol. 587(7832), pages 26-28, November.
    4. C. Edson Utazi & Julia Thorley & Victor A. Alegana & Matthew J. Ferrari & Saki Takahashi & C. Jessica E. Metcalf & Justin Lessler & Felicity T. Cutts & Andrew J. Tatem, 2019. "Mapping vaccination coverage to explore the effects of delivery mechanisms and inform vaccination strategies," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-10, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Abolfazl Mollalo & Alireza Mohammadi & Sara Mavaddati & Behzad Kiani, 2021. "Spatial Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-14, November.
    2. Kamil Faisal & Sultanah Alshammari & Reem Alotaibi & Areej Alhothali & Omaimah Bamasag & Nusaybah Alghanmi & Manal Bin Yamin, 2022. "Spatial Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine Centers Distribution: A Case Study of the City of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-19, March.

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