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Spatial Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Scoping Review

Author

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  • Abolfazl Mollalo

    (Department of Public Health and Prevention Science, School of Health Sciences, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH 44017, USA)

  • Alireza Mohammadi

    (Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199, Iran)

  • Sara Mavaddati

    (Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, Policlinic University Hospital of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy)

  • Behzad Kiani

    (Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779, Iran)

Abstract

Spatial analysis of COVID-19 vaccination research is increasing in recent literature due to the availability of COVID-19 vaccination data that usually contain location components. However, to our knowledge, no previous study has provided a comprehensive review of this research area. Therefore, in this scoping review, we examined the breadth of spatial and spatiotemporal vaccination studies to summarize previous findings, highlight research gaps, and provide guidelines for future research. We performed this review according to the five-stage methodological framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley. We screened all articles published in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, as of 21 September 2021, that had employed at least one form of spatial analysis of COVID-19 vaccination. In total, 36 articles met the inclusion criteria and were organized into four main themes: disease surveillance (n = 35); risk analysis (n = 14); health access (n = 16); and community health profiling (n = 2). Our findings suggested that most studies utilized preliminary spatial analysis techniques, such as disease mapping, which might not lead to robust inferences. Moreover, few studies addressed data quality, modifiable areal unit problems, and spatial dependence, highlighting the need for more sophisticated spatial and spatiotemporal analysis techniques.

Suggested Citation

  • Abolfazl Mollalo & Alireza Mohammadi & Sara Mavaddati & Behzad Kiani, 2021. "Spatial Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:22:p:12024-:d:680680
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Melissa Silva & Iuria Betco & César Capinha & Rita Roquette & Cláudia M. Viana & Jorge Rocha, 2022. "Spatiotemporal Dynamics of COVID-19 Infections in Mainland Portugal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-28, August.
    2. Delima Istio Prawiradhani Putri & Dwi Agustian & Lika Apriani & Ridwan Ilyas, 2023. "Spatial and Temporal Analysis of COVID-19 Cases in West Java, Indonesia and Its Influencing Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-14, February.
    3. Giuseppe Pangan & Victoria Woodard, 2024. "A Study Examining the Impact of County-Level Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Political Affiliation Characteristics on COVID-19 Vaccination Patterns in Indiana," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(7), pages 1-19, July.

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