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Wastewater-Based Epidemiology as an Early Warning System for the Spreading of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Mutations in the Population

Author

Listed:
  • Tomáš Mackuľak

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Miroslav Gál

    (Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Viera Špalková

    (Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
    Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic)

  • Miroslav Fehér

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
    Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Katarína Briestenská

    (Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Miriam Mikušová

    (Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Karolína Tomčíková

    (Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Michal Tamáš

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Andrea Butor Škulcová

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia)

Abstract

New methodologies based on the principle of “sewage epidemiology” have been successfully applied before in the detection of illegal drugs. The study describes the idea of early detection of a virus, e.g., SARS-CoV-2, in wastewater in order to focus on the area of virus occurrence and supplement the results obtained from clinical examination. By monitoring temporal variation in viral loads in wastewater in combination with other analysis, a virus outbreak can be detected and its spread can be suppressed early. The use of biosensors for virus detection also seems to be an interesting application. Biosensors are highly sensitive, selective, and portable and offer a way for fast analysis. This manuscript provides an overview of the current situation in the area of wastewater analysis, including genetic sequencing regarding viral detection and the technological solution of an early warning system for wastewater monitoring based on biosensors.

Suggested Citation

  • Tomáš Mackuľak & Miroslav Gál & Viera Špalková & Miroslav Fehér & Katarína Briestenská & Miriam Mikušová & Karolína Tomčíková & Michal Tamáš & Andrea Butor Škulcová, 2021. "Wastewater-Based Epidemiology as an Early Warning System for the Spreading of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Mutations in the Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-21, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:5629-:d:561553
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hana Mlejnkova & Katerina Sovova & Petra Vasickova & Vera Ocenaskova & Lucie Jasikova & Eva Juranova, 2020. "Preliminary Study of Sars-Cov-2 Occurrence in Wastewater in the Czech Republic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-9, July.
    2. Ozili, Peterson & Arun, Thankom, 2020. "Spillover of COVID-19: Impact on the Global Economy," MPRA Paper 99317, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Richard C Larson & Oded Berman & Mehdi Nourinejad, 2020. "Sampling manholes to home in on SARS-CoV-2 infections," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(10), pages 1-20, October.
    4. A Lievens & S Jacchia & D Kagkli & C Savini & M Querci, 2016. "Measuring Digital PCR Quality: Performance Parameters and Their Optimization," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(5), pages 1-21, May.
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