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Post-COVID-19 Syndrome and the Potential Benefits of Exercise

Author

Listed:
  • Amaya Jimeno-Almazán

    (Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, 30202 Murcia, Spain
    Human Performance & Sport Sciences Laboratory, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain)

  • Jesús G. Pallarés

    (Human Performance & Sport Sciences Laboratory, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain)

  • Ángel Buendía-Romero

    (Human Performance & Sport Sciences Laboratory, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain)

  • Alejandro Martínez-Cava

    (Human Performance & Sport Sciences Laboratory, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain)

  • Francisco Franco-López

    (Human Performance & Sport Sciences Laboratory, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain)

  • Bernardino J. Sánchez-Alcaraz Martínez

    (Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain)

  • Enrique Bernal-Morel

    (Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, University of Murcia, IMIB, 30003 Murcia, Spain)

  • Javier Courel-Ibáñez

    (Human Performance & Sport Sciences Laboratory, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain
    Department of Physical Training, Post-COVID-19 Rehabilitation Unit, Hospital QuirónSalud, 30011 Murcia, Spain)

Abstract

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is leading to unknown and unusual health conditions that are challenging to manage. Post-COVID-19 syndrome is one of those challenges, having become increasingly common as the pandemic evolves. The latest estimates suggest that 10 to 20% of the SARS-CoV-2 patients who undergo an acute symptomatic phase are experiencing effects of the disease beyond 12 weeks after diagnosis. Although research is beginning to examine this new condition, there are still serious concerns about the diagnostic identification, which limits the best therapeutic approach. Exercise programs and physical activity levels are well-known modulators of the clinical manifestations and prognosis in many chronic diseases. This narrative review summarizes the up-to-date evidence on post-COVID-19 syndrome to contribute to a better knowledge of the disease and explains how regular exercise may improve many of these symptoms and could reduce the long-term effects of COVID-19.

Suggested Citation

  • Amaya Jimeno-Almazán & Jesús G. Pallarés & Ángel Buendía-Romero & Alejandro Martínez-Cava & Francisco Franco-López & Bernardino J. Sánchez-Alcaraz Martínez & Enrique Bernal-Morel & Javier Courel-Ibáñe, 2021. "Post-COVID-19 Syndrome and the Potential Benefits of Exercise," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-16, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:10:p:5329-:d:556233
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mehmet Saçma & Hartmut Geiger, 2021. "Exercise generates immune cells in bone," Nature, Nature, vol. 591(7850), pages 371-372, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alfredo Córdova-Martínez & Alberto Caballero-García & Enrique Roche & Daniel Pérez-Valdecantos & David C. Noriega, 2022. "Effects and Causes of Detraining in Athletes Due to COVID-19: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-12, April.
    2. Claire Colas & Yann Le Berre & Marie Fanget & Angélique Savall & Martin Killian & Ivan Goujon & Pierre Labeix & Manon Bayle & Léonard Féasson & Frederic Roche & David Hupin, 2023. "Physical Activity in Long COVID: A Comparative Study of Exercise Rehabilitation Benefits in Patients with Long COVID, Coronary Artery Disease and Fibromyalgia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(15), pages 1-14, August.
    3. Jia Yang & Xiang Li & Taiyu He & Fangyuan Ju & Ye Qiu & Zuguo Tian, 2022. "Impact of Physical Activity on COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-12, October.
    4. Sarah Houben & Bruno Bonnechère, 2022. "The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Cognitive Function and the Implication for Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-21, June.
    5. Rafael Martínez-Gallego & Juan Pedro Fuentes-García & Miguel Crespo, 2021. "COVID-19 Prevention Measures Implemented by Tennis Coaches: The Role of Continent, Experience, and Type of Facility," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-12, December.
    6. Luana Fagherazzi Hockele & João Vitor Sachet Affonso & Danusa Rossi & Bruna Eibel, 2022. "Pulmonary and Functional Rehabilitation Improves Functional Capacity, Pulmonary Function and Respiratory Muscle Strength in Post COVID-19 Patients: Pilot Clinical Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-10, November.
    7. Mario Samper-Pardo & Sandra León-Herrera & Bárbara Oliván-Blázquez & Belén Benedé-Azagra & Rosa Magallón-Botaya & Isabel Gómez-Soria & Estela Calatayud & Alejandra Aguilar-Latorre & Fátima Méndez-Lópe, 2022. "Development and Validation of a Mobile Application as an Adjuvant Treatment for People Diagnosed with Long COVID-19: Protocol for a Co-Creation Study of a Health Asset and an Analysis of Its Effective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-21, December.
    8. Jack Wright & Sarah L. Astill & Manoj Sivan, 2022. "The Relationship between Physical Activity and Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-13, April.
    9. Stefano Corna & Marica Giardini & Marco Godi & Lucia Bellotti & Ilaria Arcolin, 2022. "Effects of Aerobic Training in Patients with Subacute COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-15, December.
    10. Katrin Müller & Iris Poppele & Marcel Ottiger & Katharina Zwingmann & Ivo Berger & Andreas Thomas & Alois Wastlhuber & Franziska Ortwein & Anna-Lena Schultz & Anna Weghofer & Eva Wilhelm & Rainer-Chri, 2023. "Impact of Rehabilitation on Physical and Neuropsychological Health of Patients Who Acquired COVID-19 in the Workplace," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-21, January.
    11. Lidia Martínez Rolando & Jorge Hugo Villafañe & Soledad Cercadillo García & Ana Sanz Argüello & Marta Villanueva Rosa & Eleuterio A. Sánchez Romero, 2022. "Multicomponent Exercise Program to Improve the Immediate Sequelae of COVID-19: A Prospective Study with a Brief Report of 2-Year Follow-Up," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-14, September.

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