IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i9p3107-d352020.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Multilevel Model Approach for Investigating Individual Accident Characteristics and Neighborhood Environment Characteristics Affecting Pedestrian-Vehicle Crashes

Author

Listed:
  • Seunghoon Park

    (Department of Urban Planning, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea)

  • Dongwon Ko

    (Gyeonggi Research Institute, Suwon 16207, Korea)

Abstract

Walking is the most basic movement of humans and the most fundamental mode of transportation. To promote walking, it is necessary to create a safe environment for pedestrians. However, pedestrian-vehicle crashes still remain relatively high in South Korea. This study employs a multilevel model to examine the differences between the lower-level individual characteristics of pedestrian crashes and the upper-level neighborhood environmental characteristics in Seoul, South Korea. The main results of this study are as follows. The individual characteristics of pedestrian-vehicle crashes are better at explaining pedestrian injury severity than built environment characteristics at the neighborhood level. Older pedestrians and drivers suffer more severe pedestrian injuries. Larger vehicles such as trucks and vans are more likely to result in a high severity of pedestrian injuries. Pedestrian injuries increase during inclement weather and at night. The severity of pedestrian injuries is lower at intersections and crosswalks without traffic signals than at crosswalks and intersections with traffic signals. Finally, school zones and silver zones, which are representative policies for pedestrian safety in South Korea, fail to play a significant role in reducing the severity of pedestrian injuries. The results of this study can guide policymakers and planners when making decisions on how to build neighborhoods that are safer for pedestrians.

Suggested Citation

  • Seunghoon Park & Dongwon Ko, 2020. "A Multilevel Model Approach for Investigating Individual Accident Characteristics and Neighborhood Environment Characteristics Affecting Pedestrian-Vehicle Crashes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-18, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:9:p:3107-:d:352020
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/9/3107/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/9/3107/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chia-Yuan Yu, 2015. "Built Environmental Designs in Promoting Pedestrian Safety," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(7), pages 1-17, July.
    2. Morency, P. & Gauvin, L. & Plante, C. & Fournier, M. & Morency, C., 2012. "Neighborhood social inequalities in road traffic injuries: The influence of traffic volume and road design," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(6), pages 1112-1119.
    3. Diez-Roux, A.V., 1998. "Bringing context back into epidemiology: Variables and fallacies in multilevel analysis," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 88(2), pages 216-222.
    4. Seung-Hoon Park & Dong-Won Ko, 2018. "Investigating the Effects of the Built Environment on PM 2.5 and PM 10 : A Case Study of Seoul Metropolitan City, South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-11, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Muhan Lv & Ningcheng Wang & Shenjun Yao & Jianping Wu & Lei Fang, 2021. "Towards Healthy Aging: Influence of the Built Environment on Elderly Pedestrian Safety at the Micro-Level," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-14, September.
    2. Kyunghee Lee & Jieun Hwang, 2022. "The Association between Comorbidities and Comorbid Injuries on Treatment Outcome in Pediatric and Elderly Patients with Injuries in Korea: An Observational Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-15, May.
    3. Bong Gu Kang & Byeong Soo Kim, 2023. "A Study on Cognitive Error Validation for LED In-Ground Traffic Lights Using a Digital Twin and Virtual Environment," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-16, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Seunghoon Park & Dongwon Ko, 2020. "Investigating the Factors Influencing Pedestrian–Vehicle Crashes by Age Group in Seoul, South Korea: A Hierarchical Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-17, May.
    2. Grisé, Emily & Buliung, Ron & Rothman, Linda & Howard, Andrew, 2018. "A geography of child and elderly pedestrian injury in the City of Toronto, Canada," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 321-329.
    3. Bolte, Gabriele, 2018. "Epidemiologische Methoden und Erkenntnisse als eine Grundlage für Stadtplanung und gesundheitsfördernde Stadtentwicklung," Forschungsberichte der ARL: Aufsätze, in: Baumgart, Sabine & Köckler, Heike & Ritzinger, Anne & Rüdiger, Andrea (ed.), Planung für gesundheitsfördernde Städte, volume 8, pages 118-134, ARL – Akademie für Raumentwicklung in der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft.
    4. Spielman, Seth E. & Yoo, Eun-hye, 2009. "The spatial dimensions of neighborhood effects," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(6), pages 1098-1105, March.
    5. Stephanie Pratt & Kyla Hagan-Haynes, 2023. "Applying a Health Equity Lens to Work-Related Motor Vehicle Safety in the United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(20), pages 1-23, October.
    6. Dusan Paredes Araya & Tomothy M Komarek, 2013. "Spatial Income Inequality in Chile and the Rol of Spatial Labor Sorting," Documentos de Trabajo en Economia y Ciencia Regional 46, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Chile, Department of Economics, revised Apr 2013.
    7. Seth E Spielman & Eun-Hye Yoo & Crystal Linkletter, 2013. "Neighborhood Contexts, Health, and Behavior: Understanding the Role of Scale and Residential Sorting," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 40(3), pages 489-506, June.
    8. Zanetta Gant & Larry Gant & Ruiguang Song & Leigh Willis & Anna Satcher Johnson, 2014. "A Census Tract–Level Examination of Social Determinants of Health among Black/African American Men with Diagnosed HIV Infection, 2005–2009—17 US Areas," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(9), pages 1-7, September.
    9. Miller, Charlotte E. & Vasan, Ramachandran S., 2021. "The southern rural health and mortality penalty: A review of regional health inequities in the United States," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    10. Rosenlieb, Evan G. & McAndrews, Carolyn & Marshall, Wesley E. & Troy, Austin, 2018. "Urban development patterns and exposure to hazardous and protective traffic environments," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 125-134.
    11. Shanyou Duan & Qian Liu & Dumei Jiang & Yulin Jiang & Yinzhi Lin & Ziying Gong, 2021. "Exploring the Joint Impacts of Natural and Built Environments on PM 2.5 Concentrations and Their Spatial Heterogeneity in the Context of High-Density Chinese Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-15, October.
    12. Myers, Douglas J. & Kriebel, David & Karasek, Robert & Punnett, Laura & Wegman, David H., 2007. "The social distribution of risk at work: Acute injuries and physical assaults among healthcare workers working in a long-term care facility," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 64(4), pages 794-806, February.
    13. Badland, Hannah & Pearce, Jamie, 2019. "Liveable for whom? Prospects of urban liveability to address health inequities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 94-105.
    14. infocede, 2001. "Desnutrición infantil en Colombia: inequidades y determinantes," Documentos CEDE 20100, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    15. Martin Gaechter & Peter Schwazer & Engelbert Theurl, 2012. "Stronger Sex but Earlier Death: A Multi-level Socioeconomic Analysis of Gender Differences in Mortality in Austria," DANUBE: Law and Economics Review, European Association Comenius - EACO, issue 1, pages 1-23, March.
    16. De Clercq, B. & Vyncke, V. & Hublet, A. & Elgar, F.J. & Ravens-Sieberer, U. & Currie, C. & Hooghe, M. & Ieven, A. & Maes, L., 2012. "Social capital and social inequality in adolescents’ health in 601 Flemish communities: A multilevel analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 74(2), pages 202-210.
    17. Kuang-Tsu Yang & Chun-Hao Yin & Yao-Min Hung & Shih-Ju Huang & Ching-Chih Lee & Tsu-Jen Kuo, 2020. "Continuity of Care Is Associated with Medical Costs and Inpatient Days in Children with Cerebral Palsy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-15, April.
    18. Chen, Zhiwei & Li, Xiaopeng, 2021. "Unobserved heterogeneity in transportation equity analysis: Evidence from a bike-sharing system in southern Tampa," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    19. Steffen Andreas Schüle & Gabriele Bolte, 2015. "Interactive and Independent Associations between the Socioeconomic and Objective Built Environment on the Neighbourhood Level and Individual Health: A Systematic Review of Multilevel Studies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(4), pages 1-31, April.
    20. Win Wah & Arul Earnest & Charumathi Sabanayagam & Ching-Yu Cheng & Marcus Eng Hock Ong & Tien Y Wong & Ecosse L Lamoureux, 2015. "Composite Measures of Individual and Area-Level Socio-Economic Status Are Associated with Visual Impairment in Singapore," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(11), pages 1-12, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:9:p:3107-:d:352020. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.