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Incidence and Predictors of Cognitive Frailty Among Older Adults: A Community-based Longitudinal Study

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  • Nurul Fatin Malek Rivan

    (Nutritional Sciences Programme and Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia)

  • Suzana Shahar

    (Dietetics Programme and Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia)

  • Nor Fadilah Rajab

    (Biomedical Science Programme, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia)

  • Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh

    (Physiotherapy Programme & Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia)

  • Normah Che Din

    (Health Psychology Programme and Centre of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia)

  • Hazlina Mahadzir

    (Internal Medicine & Geriatric Department, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Batu 9 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia)

  • Noor Ibrahim Mohamed Sakian

    (Occupational Therapy Programme, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia)

  • Wan Syafira Ishak

    (Audiology Programme, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Harimi Abd. Rahman

    (Optometry and Vision Sciences Programme, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia)

  • Zainora Mohammed

    (Optometry and Vision Sciences Programme, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia)

  • Yee Xing You

    (Dietetics Programme and Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia)

Abstract

(1) Background: Cognitive frailty (CF) is the simultaneous presence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment with an increased risk of dementia. Considering that the risk factors of CF are mostly elucidated from cross-sectional studies, we conducted a community-based longitudinal study to determine the incidence and the predictors of CF among Malaysian older adults.; (2) Methods: Out of 490 older adults participating in the Malaysian Towards Useful Aging (TUA) study, 282 were successfully followed-up at five-years for an analysis of the CF incidence. CF was defined as a comorbid physical frailty (>1 Fried criteria) and mild cognitive impairment (Petersen criteria). A comprehensive interview-based questionnaire was administered for sociodemographic information, cognitive function, physical function, dietary intake, psychosocial, and biochemical indices. Univariate analyses were performed for each variable, followed by a regression analysis to identify the predictors of CF that accounted for confounding effects between the studied factors; (3) Results: The incidence rate of CF was 7.1 per 100 person-years. Advancing age (OR=1.12, 95% CI:1.04-1.21, p < 0.05), depression (OR=1.20, 95% CI:1.05-1.37, p < 0.05), decreased processing speed, assessed by a lower digit symbol score (OR=0.67, 95%CI:0.0.56-0.80, p < 0.05), decreased functional mobility measured using Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) (OR=1.23, 95% CI:1.04-1.46, p < 0.05), low vitamin D intake (OR:0.36, 95% CI:0.14-0.93, p < 0.05) and physical frailty (OR=2.16, 95% CI:1.02-4.58, p < 0.05) were predictors for CF incidence; and (4) Conclusions: Our study results could be used as an initial reference for future studies to formulate effective preventive management and intervention strategies to decelerate CF development among older adults.

Suggested Citation

  • Nurul Fatin Malek Rivan & Suzana Shahar & Nor Fadilah Rajab & Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh & Normah Che Din & Hazlina Mahadzir & Noor Ibrahim Mohamed Sakian & Wan Syafira Ishak & Mohd Harimi Abd. Rahman &, 2020. "Incidence and Predictors of Cognitive Frailty Among Older Adults: A Community-based Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-17, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:5:p:1547-:d:326236
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gavin Andrews & Alice Kemp & Matthew Sunderland & Michael Von Korff & Tevik Bedirhan Ustun, 2009. "Normative Data for the 12 Item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 4(12), pages 1-6, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Norhayati Mustafa Khalid & Hasnah Haron & Suzana Shahar & Michael Fenech, 2022. "Current Evidence on the Association of Micronutrient Malnutrition with Mild Cognitive Impairment, Frailty, and Cognitive Frailty among Older Adults: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-26, November.

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