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Comparison of the Relative Abuse Liability of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Extracts and Nicotine Alone in Adolescent Rats: A Behavioral Economic Analysis

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  • Andrew C. Harris

    (Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA
    Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA)

  • John R. Smethells

    (Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA)

  • Mary Palumbo

    (Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA)

  • Maciej Goniewicz

    (Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA)

  • Mark G. LeSage

    (Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA
    Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA)

Abstract

Background: Characterizing the determinants of the abuse liability of electronic cigarettes (ECs) in adolescents is needed to inform product regulation by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We recently reported that Vuse Menthol EC aerosol extract containing nicotine and a range of non-nicotine constituents (e.g., menthol, propylene glycol) had reduced aversive effects compared to nicotine alone in adolescent rats, whereas Aroma E-Juice EC aerosol extract did not. The current study used a behavioral economic approach to compare the relative abuse liability of these EC extracts and nicotine alone in an i.v. self-administration (SA) model in adolescents. Methods: Adolescents were tested for the SA of EC extracts prepared using an ethanol (ETOH) solvent or nicotine and saline, with and without 4% ETOH (i.e., the same concentration in the EC extracts) in 23 h/day sessions. Results. Although acquisition of SA was faster for nicotine + ETOH compared to all other formulations, the elasticity of demand for all nicotine-containing formulations was similar. Conclusions: EC aerosol extracts did not have greater abuse liability than nicotine alone in adolescents. These data suggest that nicotine may be the primary determinant of the abuse liability of these ECs in youth, at least in terms of the primary reinforcing effects of ECs mediated within the central nervous system.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrew C. Harris & John R. Smethells & Mary Palumbo & Maciej Goniewicz & Mark G. LeSage, 2020. "Comparison of the Relative Abuse Liability of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Extracts and Nicotine Alone in Adolescent Rats: A Behavioral Economic Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-12, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:3:p:860-:d:314365
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Christie D. Fowler & Qun Lu & Paul M. Johnson & Michael J. Marks & Paul J. Kenny, 2011. "Habenular α5 nicotinic receptor subunit signalling controls nicotine intake," Nature, Nature, vol. 471(7340), pages 597-601, March.
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