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Emissions Control of Hydrochloric and Fluorhydric Acid in cement Factories from Romania

Author

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  • Gheorghe Voicu

    (Department of Biotechnical System, Faculty of Biotechnical Systems Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spaiul Independentei 313, Sector 6, RO-060042, 010164 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Cristian Ciobanu

    (Department of Biotechnical System, Faculty of Biotechnical Systems Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spaiul Independentei 313, Sector 6, RO-060042, 010164 Bucharest, Romania
    Ceprocim Sa–Strada Preciziei 6, RO-062203, 010164 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Irina Aura Istrate

    (Department of Biotechnical System, Faculty of Biotechnical Systems Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spaiul Independentei 313, Sector 6, RO-060042, 010164 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Paula Tudor

    (Department of Management, Faculty of Entrepreuneurship Business Engineering and Management, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spaiul Independentei 313, Sector 6, RO-060042, 010164 Bucharest, Romania)

Abstract

From the available statistical data, cement factories co-process a range of over 100 types of waste (sorted both industrial and household) being authorized for their use as combustion components in clinker ovens. Therefore, the level of emissions is different depending on the type of fuels and waste used. The amount of industrial and municipal co-processed waste in the Romanian cement industry from 2004 to 2013 was about 1,500,000 tons, the equivalent of municipal waste generated in a year for 18 cities with over 250,000 inhabitants. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the emission level of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) at the clinker kilns at two cement factories in Romania for different annual time intervals and to do a comparative analysis, to estimate their compliance with legislation in force. The measurements results showed average emission levels of about 0.578 mg/Nm 3 for HCl and about 0.100 mg/Nm 3 for HF, in the first hours of the evening, but decreased at the beginning of the third tour, at about 0.385 mg/Nm 3 for HCl, respectively, to about 0.085 mg/Nm 3 for HF. The evolution of HCl and HF emission levels during the last 4 years showed a variable distribution of these acids.

Suggested Citation

  • Gheorghe Voicu & Cristian Ciobanu & Irina Aura Istrate & Paula Tudor, 2020. "Emissions Control of Hydrochloric and Fluorhydric Acid in cement Factories from Romania," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-13, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:3:p:1019-:d:317077
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Emmy Nkhama & Micky Ndhlovu & J. Timothy Dvonch & Mary Lynam & Graciela Mentz & Seter Siziya & Kuku Voyi, 2017. "Effects of Airborne Particulate Matter on Respiratory Health in a Community near a Cement Factory in Chilanga, Zambia: Results from a Panel Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-16, November.
    2. Dong Lv & Tianle Zhu & Runwei Liu & Xinghua Li & Yuan Zhao & Ye Sun & Hongmei Wang & Fan Zhang & Qinglin Zhao, 2018. "Effects of Co-Processing Sewage Sludge in the Cement Kiln on PAHs, Heavy Metals Emissions and the Surrounding Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-12, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Cristian Ciobanu & Irina Aura Istrate & Paula Tudor & Gheorghe Voicu, 2021. "Dust Emission Monitoring in Cement Plant Mills: A Case Study in Romania," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-16, August.

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