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School-Class Co-Ethnic and Immigrant Density and Current Smoking among Immigrant Adolescents

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  • Matthias Robert Kern

    (Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, 4366 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg)

  • Andreas Heinz

    (Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, 4366 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg)

  • Helmut Erich Willems

    (Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, 4366 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg)

Abstract

Although the school-class is known to be an important setting for adolescent risk behavior, little is known about how the ethnic composition of a school-class impacts substance use among pupils with a migration background. Moreover, the few existing studies do not distinguish between co-ethnic density (i.e., the share of immigrants belonging to one’s own ethnic group) and immigrant density (the share of all immigrants). This is all the more surprising since a high co-ethnic density can be expected to protect against substance use by increasing levels of social support and decreasing acculturative stress, whereas a high immigrant density can be expected to do the opposite by facilitating inter-ethnic conflict and identity threat. This study analyses how co-ethnic density and immigrant density are correlated with smoking among pupils of Portuguese origin in Luxembourg. A multi-level analysis is used to analyze data from the Luxembourg Health Behavior in School-Aged Children study ( N = 4268 pupils from 283 classes). High levels of co-ethnic density reduced current smoking. In contrast, high levels of immigrant density increased it. Thus, in research on the health of migrants, the distinction between co-ethnic density and immigrant density should be taken into account, as both may have opposite effects.

Suggested Citation

  • Matthias Robert Kern & Andreas Heinz & Helmut Erich Willems, 2020. "School-Class Co-Ethnic and Immigrant Density and Current Smoking among Immigrant Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-14, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:2:p:598-:d:309801
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    References listed on IDEAS

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