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Arsenic Concentrations and Dietary Exposure in Rice-Based Infant Food in Australia

Author

Listed:
  • Zhuyun Gu

    (School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia
    Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia)

  • Shamali de Silva

    (School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia
    Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia)

  • Suzie M. Reichman

    (School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia
    Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia)

Abstract

Rice-based products are widely used to feed infants and young children. However, the association of rice-based products and high arsenic (As) concentrations have been investigated in a number of studies, but there is limited information from Australia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the As concentration and dietary exposure in infant rice milk, cereal, crackers and pasta as well as to investigate the relationship between As concentration and rice content, rice type and product origin. Total arsenic (tAs) concentrations were determined by nitric acid digestion and ICP-MS while inorganic arsenic (iAs) was determined by acid extraction, followed by ICP-MS with an interfaced hydride generation system. Nearly 75% of samples had inorganic As exceeding the EU maximum levels for infants and children (0.1 mg kg −1 ) and the mean iAs percentage of total reached as high as 84.8%. High tAs concentration was positively correlated with rice content and also related to brown (wholegrain). Estimates of dietary exposure showed that infants consuming large amounts of rice pasta or crackers will have an increased risk of health impact associated with excess intake of As through dietary exposure. Moreover, the current Australian guidelines for As in rice (1 mg kg −1 ) are above the WHO or EU guideline and therefore, will be less protective of high sensitivity consumers like infants and children.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhuyun Gu & Shamali de Silva & Suzie M. Reichman, 2020. "Arsenic Concentrations and Dietary Exposure in Rice-Based Infant Food in Australia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-11, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:2:p:415-:d:306397
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tomoyuki Shibata & Can Meng & Josephine Umoren & Heidi West, 2016. "Risk Assessment of Arsenic in Rice Cereal and Other Dietary Sources for Infants and Toddlers in the U.S," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-10, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Joshua O. Olowoyo & Linda R. Macheka & Phiona M. Mametja, 2021. "Health Risk Assessments of Selected Trace Elements and Factors Associated with Their Levels in Human Breast Milk from Pretoria, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-12, September.
    2. Muhammad Nur Aiman Uda & Subash C. B. Gopinath & Uda Hashim & Muhammad Nur Afnan Uda & Tijjani Adam & Nor Azizah Parmin & Sreeramanan Subramaniam & Suresh V. Chinni & Veeranjaneya Reddy Lebaka & Ramac, 2023. "Controlling Arsenic Accumulation in Rice Grain under Nanomaterials-Assisted Optimal Greenhouse Set-Up," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-14, February.

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