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Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Hungarian Adults

Author

Listed:
  • Csanád Szabó

    (Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary)

  • Judit Pukánszky

    (Institute of Psychology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary)

  • Lajos Kemény

    (Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
    The Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine University of Szeged—HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
    The Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine (HCEMM Ltd.), 6723 Szeged, Hungary)

Abstract

We aimed to explore psychological effects of the coronavirus pandemic on Hungarian adults in the time of the national quarantine situation in May 2020.We conducted a cross-sectional observational study with the use of an anonymous online questionnaire that consisted of 65 items. The following measuring instruments were used: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10); The General Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD)-2; The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-2; European Quality of Life Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS); Self-administered inventory of complaints (Hungarian questionnaire); Shortened (Hungarian) version of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire; 2 open-ended questions to examine the participants’ mood and ways of coping during the pandemic. The data of 431 participants were analyzed, their average age was 47.53 ± 11.66 years, and the percentage of females was 90%. The mean of participants’ scores were the following: 19.34 ± 7.97 for perceived stress, 73.05 ± 21.73 for health status, and 8.68 ± 4.65 for neurotic complaints. Thirty-four and one-tenth percent of participants were depressed, 36.2% were anxious, and they tended to use problem-focused coping strategies more frequently than emotion-focused ones. We found significant correlations between all of the seven examined psychological variables. Our results highlight the importance of stress management in the psychological support of healthy adults in quarantine situation caused by the coronavirus pandemic.

Suggested Citation

  • Csanád Szabó & Judit Pukánszky & Lajos Kemény, 2020. "Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Hungarian Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:24:p:9565-:d:465617
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cuiyan Wang & Riyu Pan & Xiaoyang Wan & Yilin Tan & Linkang Xu & Cyrus S. Ho & Roger C. Ho, 2020. "Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-25, March.
    2. Audun Havnen & Frederick Anyan & Odin Hjemdal & Stian Solem & Maja Gurigard Riksfjord & Kristen Hagen, 2020. "Resilience Moderates Negative Outcome from Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Moderated-Mediation Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-12, September.
    3. Jan Chodkiewicz & Monika Talarowska & Joanna Miniszewska & Natalia Nawrocka & Przemyslaw Bilinski, 2020. "Alcohol Consumption Reported during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Initial Stage," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-11, June.
    4. Cristina Mazza & Eleonora Ricci & Silvia Biondi & Marco Colasanti & Stefano Ferracuti & Christian Napoli & Paolo Roma, 2020. "A Nationwide Survey of Psychological Distress among Italian People during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-14, May.
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    1. Roger J. Mullins & Timothy J. Meeker & Paige M. Vinch & Ingrid K. Tulloch & Mark I. Saffer & Jui-Hong Chien & O. Joseph Bienvenu & Frederick A. Lenz, 2022. "A Cross-Sectional Time Course of COVID-19 Related Worry, Perceived Stress, and General Anxiety in the Context of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-like Symptomatology," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-16, June.

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