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Ritualistic Institution and Livelihood Fragility of Female Migrant Workers in Urban China

Author

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  • Chao Wang

    (School of Public Policy & Management (School of Emergency Management), China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China)

  • Jiayi Tang

    (School of Public Policy & Management (School of Emergency Management), China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China)

Abstract

China’s rapid urbanization can be attributed, in part, to the contribution of female migrant workers. However, they are a socially vulnerable group. In order to explore the vulnerability of female migrant workers and its reasons, questionnaires and in-depth interviews were conducted with female migrant workers in Guangdong and Hubei provinces, China, and 992 questionnaires and 147 interview data were finally collected as the research object. The descriptive statistical analysis was conducted with the quantitative data to reveal the livelihood vulnerability of female migrant workers and its reasons, and qualitative data were used to corroborate and consolidate the argument. “Ritualistic institution” is the key to understanding the livelihood fragility of female migrant workers. The policy on migrant workers has weakened the concept of family, making it difficult for families, which are on the fringes of the national policy vision, to benefit from the system. Therefore, the livelihood costs of female migrant workers have increased. Traditional gender norms also make it difficult for migrant women to enjoy the limited benefits and resources of the policy. This weakens the authoritative role of the policy in solving the problem of livelihood vulnerability for migrant workers, particularly women. This shows that China’s policy on migrant workers is somewhat symbolic. Through “family separation” and “ritualistic institution”, it can be seen that China’s urbanization is a modern development activity that carries urban bias and lacks humanistic care value. This is bound to result in the neglect of human development, gender differences, and family, making it difficult for rural migrant women to survive. This in-depth study seeks to find solutions to the problems prevalent under the cover of contemporary Chinese modernity.

Suggested Citation

  • Chao Wang & Jiayi Tang, 2020. "Ritualistic Institution and Livelihood Fragility of Female Migrant Workers in Urban China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-19, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:24:p:9556-:d:465512
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. José Castañeda & Graciela Caire-Juvera & Sergio Sandoval & Pedro Alejandro Castañeda & Alma Delia Contreras & Gloria Elena Portillo & María Isabel Ortega-Vélez, 2019. "Food Security and Obesity among Mexican Agricultural Migrant Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-11, October.
    2. Moser, Caroline O. N., 1998. "The asset vulnerability framework: Reassessing urban poverty reduction strategies," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 26(1), pages 1-19, January.
    3. Crawford, Sue E. S. & Ostrom, Elinor, 1995. "A Grammar of Institutions," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 89(3), pages 582-600, September.
    4. Chao Wang & Jiayi Tang, 2020. "Ritualized Law and Livelihood Fragility of Left-Behind Women in Rural China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-20, June.
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