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Gas Phase Toluene Adsorption Using Date Palm-Tree Branches Based Activated Carbon

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Vohra

    (Environmental Engineering Program, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohammad Al-Suwaiyan

    (Environmental Engineering Program, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia)

  • Minaam Hussaini

    (Environmental Engineering Program, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Activated carbon that has been widely used for several environmental applications is typically produced from carbon-based raw materials including agricultural by-products. To that end, extensive date palm-tree farming across the globe with millions of palm trees, also results in various types of agricultural waste including date palm-tree branches (DPB) during the regular trimming phase of palm-trees. Furthermore, air pollution also remains a serious concern in many global regions, requiring the application of appropriate treatment technologies to mitigate the respective negative effects on human health and environment. The present study thus assessed the efficiency of activated carbon (AC) derived from date palm-tree branches to treat gaseous toluene (C 6 H 5 CH 3 ) streams under varying dynamic flow conditions. The produced activated carbon showed BET specific surface area ( SSA BET ) of 800.87 m 2 /g with micro and mesoporous structure. The AC FTIR results indicated several surface groups including oxygen based functional groups. Furthermore, the dynamic gas treatment results showed that the respective activated carbon can successfully treat gaseous toluene under varying gas flow rates, gas concentrations and activated carbon bed depths. An increase in the carbon bed depth and decrease in toluene gas concentration and/or flow rate, yielded higher breakthrough time (BT) and exhaustion time (ET) values. Adsorption modeling employing the response surface methodology (RSM) approach successfully modeled the respective gaseous toluene removal experimental findings, with breakthrough time (BT) and exhaustion time (ET) as the response factors. The respective model-fitting parameters showed good outcomes using natural logarithmic transform model.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Vohra & Mohammad Al-Suwaiyan & Minaam Hussaini, 2020. "Gas Phase Toluene Adsorption Using Date Palm-Tree Branches Based Activated Carbon," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:24:p:9287-:d:460707
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Carmen de la Cruz-Lovera & Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro & Esther Salmerón-Manzano & José-Luis de la Cruz-Fernández & Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno, 2019. "Date Seeds ( Phoenix dactylifera L. ) Valorization for Boilers in the Mediterranean Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-14, January.
    2. Muhammad Vohra, 2020. "Treatment of Gaseous Ammonia Emissions Using Date Palm Pits Based Granular Activated Carbon," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-14, February.
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    2. Muhammad Vohra, 2020. "Treatment of Gaseous Ammonia Emissions Using Date Palm Pits Based Granular Activated Carbon," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-14, February.

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