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How Structural Compensation Facilitates Health Care for the Homeless. A Comparative View on Four European Union Member States

Author

Listed:
  • Ursula Trummer

    (Center for Health and Migration, 1090 Vienna, Austria)

  • Sonja Novak-Zezula

    (Center for Health and Migration, 1090 Vienna, Austria)

  • Mariola Chrzanowska

    (Department of Econometrics and Statistics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Christos Michalakelis

    (Department of Informatics and Telematics, Harokopio University of Athens, 17778 Tavros, Athens, Greece)

  • Roido Mitoula

    (School of Environment Geography and Applied Economics, Harokopio University of Athens, 17676 Kallithea, Attiki, Greece)

  • Adam Rybka

    (Department of Town Planning and Architecture, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland)

  • Snejana Sulima

    (Faculty of Law, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 700506 Iasi, Romania)

  • Monika Zielińska-Sitkiewicz

    (Department of Econometrics and Statistics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

There is robust evidence that homelessness and the associated life conditions of a homeless person may cause and exacerbate a wide range of health problems, while healthcare for the homeless is simultaneously limited in accessibility, availability, and appropriateness. This article investigates legal frameworks of health care provision, existing knowledge on numbers of homeless to be considered, and current means of health care provision for four EU countries with different economic and public health background: Austria, Greece, Poland, and Romania. National experts investigated the respective regulations and practices in place with desk research. The results show differences in national frameworks of inclusion into health care provision and knowledge on the number of people experiencing homelessness, but high similarity when it comes to main actors of actual health care provision for homeless populations. In all included countries, despite their differences in economic investments and universality of access to public health systems, it is mainly NGOs providing health care to those experiencing homelessness. This phenomenon fits into conceptual frameworks developed around service provision for vulnerable population groups, wherein it has been described as “structural compensation,” meaning that NGOs compensate a structural inappropriateness that can be observed within public health systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Ursula Trummer & Sonja Novak-Zezula & Mariola Chrzanowska & Christos Michalakelis & Roido Mitoula & Adam Rybka & Snejana Sulima & Monika Zielińska-Sitkiewicz, 2020. "How Structural Compensation Facilitates Health Care for the Homeless. A Comparative View on Four European Union Member States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:23:p:9114-:d:457698
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Emil Tesliuc & Vlad Grigoras & Manuela Stanculescu, 2015. "Background Study for the National Strategy on Social Inclusion and Poverty Reduction, 2015-2020," World Bank Publications - Reports 23830, The World Bank Group.
    2. Baggett, T.P. & O'Connell, J.J. & Singer, D.E. & Rigotti, N.A., 2010. "The unmet health care needs of homeless adults: A national study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(7), pages 1326-1333.
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