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Determinants of Multidimensional and Physical Frailty and Their Individual Components: Interactions between Frailty Deficits

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  • Magdalena Sacha

    (Department of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland)

  • Jerzy Sacha

    (Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland
    Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, University of Opole, 45-401 Opole, Poland)

  • Katarzyna Wieczorowska-Tobis

    (Department of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland)

Abstract

Purpose: To identify the interrelations among determinants of multidimensional frailty, physical frailty, and their individual components. Methods: A group of 1024 community-dwelling people older than 65 years completed questionnaires regarding: multidimensional frailty (Tilburg Frailty Indicator, TFI) and physical frailty (FRAIL scale), and common frailty risk factors. Results: Multidimensional frailty was recognized in 559 subjects (54.6%) and determined by 13 factors (R 2 = 0.21 in logistic regression). After incorporating TFI components to the models, the majority of previous risk factors became non-essential, and the frailty deficits mainly determined each other with R 2 ranging between 0.07–0.67. Physical frailty and non-robust status (i.e., either physical frailty or pre-frailty) were recognized in 64 (6.3%) and 542 (52.9%) participants, and were determined by 5 factors (R 2 = 0.33) and 11 factors (R 2 = 0.34), respectively. Associations between the frailty deficits were detected within and between different dimensions (i.e., physical, psychological and social); the physical domain was mainly related to the psychological one which in turn was additionally associated with the social one. Conclusion: Frailty is the accumulation of deficits and is determined by factors other than the determinants of the individual deficits. The associations between deficits coming from various dimensions of human functioning presumably amplify their effects and accelerate frailty development.

Suggested Citation

  • Magdalena Sacha & Jerzy Sacha & Katarzyna Wieczorowska-Tobis, 2020. "Determinants of Multidimensional and Physical Frailty and Their Individual Components: Interactions between Frailty Deficits," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:22:p:8656-:d:448853
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cutchin, Malcolm P., 2003. "The process of mediated aging-in-place: a theoretically and empirically based model," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 57(6), pages 1077-1090, September.
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