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Association of Short-Term Exposure to Meteorological Factors and Risk of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Zhihui Liu

    (Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
    The two authors made equal contributions to this article.)

  • Yongna Meng

    (Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
    The two authors made equal contributions to this article.)

  • Hao Xiang

    (Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China)

  • Yuanan Lu

    (Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA)

  • Suyang Liu

    (Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China)

Abstract

(1) Background: Inconsistencies were observed in studies on the relationship between short-term exposure to meteorological factors and the risk of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). This systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to assess the overall effects of meteorological factors on the incidence of HFMD to help clarify these inconsistencies and serve as a piece of evidence for policy makers to determine relevant risk factors. (2) Methods: Articles published as of 24 October 2020, were searched in the four databases, namely, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and MEDLINE. We applied a meta-analysis to assess the impact of ambient temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed, and sunshine duration on the incidence of HFMD. We conducted subgroup analyses by exposure metrics, exposure time resolution, regional climate, national income level, gender, and age as a way to seek the source of heterogeneity. (3) Results: Screening by the given inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 28 studies were included in the analysis. We observed that the incidence of HFMD based on the single-day lag model is significantly associated with ambient temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and wind speed. In the cumulative lag model, ambient temperature and relative humidity significantly increased the incidence of HFMD as well. Subgroup analysis showed that extremely high temperature and relative humidity significantly increased the risk of HFMD. Temperate regions, high-income countries, and children under five years old are major risk factors for HFMD. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that various meteorological factors can increase the incidence of HFMD. Therefore, the general public, especially susceptible populations, should pay close attention to weather changes and take protective measures in advance.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhihui Liu & Yongna Meng & Hao Xiang & Yuanan Lu & Suyang Liu, 2020. "Association of Short-Term Exposure to Meteorological Factors and Risk of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-18, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:21:p:8017-:d:437895
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jiayuan Hao & Zhiyi Yang & Wenwen Yang & Shuqiong Huang & Liqiao Tian & Zhongmin Zhu & Yuanan Lu & Hao Xiang & Suyang Liu, 2020. "Impact of Ambient Temperature and Relative Humidity on the Incidence of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease in Wuhan, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-14, January.
    2. Lin Zhu & Zhongshang Yuan & Xianjun Wang & Jie Li & Lu Wang & Yunxia Liu & Fuzhong Xue & Yanxun Liu, 2015. "The Impact of Ambient Temperature on Childhood HFMD Incidence in Inland and Coastal Area: A Two-City Study in Shandong Province, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-14, July.
    3. Jonathan A. Patz & Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum & Tracey Holloway & Jonathan A. Foley, 2005. "Impact of regional climate change on human health," Nature, Nature, vol. 438(7066), pages 310-317, November.
    4. Joseph T Wu & Mark Jit & Yaming Zheng & Kathy Leung & Weijia Xing & Juan Yang & Qiaohong Liao & Benjamin J Cowling & Bingyi Yang & Eric H Y Lau & Saki Takahashi & Jeremy J Farrar & Bryan T Grenfell & , 2016. "Routine Pediatric Enterovirus 71 Vaccination in China: a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(3), pages 1-24, March.
    5. Zhiwei Xu & Perry E. Sheffield & Wenbiao Hu & Hong Su & Weiwei Yu & Xin Qi & Shilu Tong, 2012. "Climate Change and Children’s Health—A Call for Research on What Works to Protect Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-19, September.
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    1. Suyan Yi & Hongwei Wang & Shengtian Yang & Ling Xie & Yibo Gao & Chen Ma, 2021. "Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Its Response to Climate Factors in the Ili River Valley Region of China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-13, February.
    2. Andrea Conti & Martina Valente & Matteo Paganini & Marco Farsoni & Luca Ragazzoni & Francesco Barone-Adesi, 2022. "Knowledge Gaps and Research Priorities on the Health Effects of Heatwaves: A Systematic Review of Reviews," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-16, May.
    3. Yibo Gao & Hongwei Wang & Suyan Yi & Deping Wang & Chen Ma & Bo Tan & Yiming Wei, 2021. "Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Their Influencing Factors in Urumqi, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-17, May.

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